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The findings indicated that self-esteem problems may emerge by early childhood as individuals contend with aspects of their learning disabilities that interfere with typical development. By school age, all participants noted self-esteem problems when they experienced struggles or failures in school, which could feel traumatic. Testing and diagnosis improved self-esteem when conducted in a relevant manner that led to adaptation. The central plots of the participants' lives were characterized by the interplay between the functional challenges of their learning disabilities and the related self-esteem issues. Compensation involved the individual's areas of competence and the resources within the environment. Niches in late adolescence and young adulthood held potential to dramatically improve compensation. Participants generally exhibited four ways of life in adulthood and an added sense of emotional insecurity. Each attempted to integrate lifelong emotional experiences related to living with diagnosed dyslexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194030360040701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,14]],"date-time":"2007-12-14T00:52:20Z","timestamp":1197593540000},"page":"363-381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":188,"title":["Dyslexia and the Life Course"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Michael A.","family":"McNulty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"708 Church Street, Suite 233, Evanston, IL 60202;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"100","volume":"59","author":"Ambroz, K.L.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vierteljahresschrift fur Heilp\u00e4dagogik und Ihre Nachbargebiete"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"119","volume":"14","author":"Araj\u00e4rvi, R.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Psychiatria Fennica"},{"key":"atypb4","volume":"44","author":"Atkinson, R.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Qualitative Research Methods Series"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Look what you've done!","author":"Brooks, R.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199208000-00003"},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"Cohler, B.J. 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