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The analyses were conducted to investigate the patterns of emergence of RD as well as reading ability and risk status across the 5 years. The findings of the study are presented with an examination of the trajectories of the children with RD as compared to Grade 4 typical readers (matched for grade, gender, language status, and school) with a similar profile on literacy skills in kindergarten. The results demonstrate the heterogeneous nature of the trajectory of RD in school-age children; although many of the children with RD were at risk in kindergarten, there was a subsample who did not demonstrate reading and phonological difficulties until the third and fourth grades.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194060390040901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,14]],"date-time":"2007-12-14T00:52:20Z","timestamp":1197593540000},"page":"364-378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Retrospective Analyses of the Reading Development of Grade 4 Students with Reading Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Orly","family":"Lipka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology and Special Education at the University of British Columbia,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nonie K.","family":"Lesaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Graduate School of Education"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda S.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Beginning to read: Thinking and learning about print","author":"Adams, M.J.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949903200204"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"649","volume":"6","author":"Barwick, M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940103400407"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"Blachman, B. 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