{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:10:32Z","timestamp":1792156232004,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study focuses on math and related skills among 32 girls with fragile X ( n = 14) or Turner ( n = 18) syndrome during late elementary school. Performance in each syndrome group was assessed relative to Full Scale IQ\u2014matched comparison groups of girls from the general population ( n = 32 and n = 89 for fragile X syndrome and Turner syndrome, respectively). Differences between girls with fragile X and their comparison group emerged on untimed arithmetic calculations, mastery of counting skills, and arithmetic problem verification accuracy. Relative to girls in the comparison group, girls with Turner syndrome did not differ on untimed arithmetic calculations or problem verification accuracy, but they had limited mastery of counting skills and longer response times to complete the problem verification task. Girls with fragile X or Turner syndrome also differed from their respective comparison groups on math-related abilities, including visual\u2014spatial, working memory, and reading skills, and the associations between math and those related skills. Together, these findings support the notion that difficulty with math and related skills among girls with fragile X or Turner syndrome continues into late elementary school and that the profile of math and related skill difficulty distinguishes the two syndrome groups from each other.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219407311038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,17]],"date-time":"2008-01-17T12:27:47Z","timestamp":1200572867000},"page":"29-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Mathematics Learning Disabilities in Girls With Fragile X or Turner Syndrome During Late Elementary School"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Melissa M.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Kennedy Krieger Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mich\u00e8le M. M.","family":"Mazzocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Kennedy Krieger Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"247","volume":"1","author":"Anderson, P.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropsychological Assessment,"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Badian, N.A. (1983). Dyscalculia and nonverbal disorders of learning . In H. R. Myklebust (Ed.), Progress in learning disabilities (Vol. 5, pp. 235\u2014264). New York: Stratton."},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(1998)103<0029:EDTOMW>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"The Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual\u2014 motor integration (4th ed.). Parsippany, NJ","author":"Beery, K.E.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.15.2.290"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194050380040901"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2003.08.007"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649809540715"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Butterworth, B. (2005). Developmental dyscalculia. In J. I. D. Campbell (Ed.), Handbook of mathematical cognition (pp. 455\u2014467). New York: Psychology Press."},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"KeyMath\u2014Revised","author":"Connolly, A.J.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"235","volume":"54","author":"Cornish, K.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(74)80009-2"},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"Fuchs, L.S. & Fuchs, D. (2007). Mathematical problem solving: Instructional intervention . In D. B. Berch & M. M. M. Mazzocco (Eds.), Why is math so hard for some children? The nature and origins of children's mathematical learning difficulties and disabilities (pp. 397\u2014414). Baltimore : Brookes."},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.114.2.345"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10163-000"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194040370010201"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(92)90026-3"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(83)90014-8"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Test of early mathematics ability","author":"Ginsburg, H.P.","year":"1990","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1996.tb15029.x"},{"key":"atypb21","unstructured":"Hagerman, R.J. (2002). The physical and behavioral phenotype. In R. J. Hagerman & P. J. Hagerman (Eds.), Fragile X syndrome: Diagnosis, treatment, and research (pp. 3\u2014109). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press."},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"Developmental test of visual perception","author":"Hammill, D.D.","year":"1993","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.94.3.586"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949703000606"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326942dn2803_2"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1040"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.S3.492","volume":"102","author":"Mazzocco, M.M.M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940103400605"},{"key":"atypb29","volume-title":"Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development","author":"Mazzocco, M.M.M."},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040500266951"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040600611346"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-003-0011-7"},{"key":"atypb33","first-page":"328","volume":"14","author":"Mazzocco, M.M.M.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5826.2005.00129.x"},{"key":"atypb35","first-page":"195","volume":"61","author":"Murphy, M.M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"atypb36","volume-title":"Neurodevelopmental disorders and mathematics learning disability (MLD): Fragile X and Turner syndromes","author":"Murphy, M.M."},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10048"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949302600506"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040490909297"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639408402696"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-004-2770-x"},{"key":"atypb42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.96.3.471"},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/12.3.395"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(01)00201-9"},{"key":"atypb45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(96)80055-4"},{"key":"atypb46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649609540657"},{"key":"atypb47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565649809540700"},{"key":"atypb48","volume-title":"Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale","author":"Thorndike, R.L.","year":"1986","edition":"4"},{"key":"atypb49","volume-title":"Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence: WASI. San Antonio,Texas","author":"Wechsler, D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb50","volume-title":"Woodcock-Johnson Psychoeducational Battery\u2014Revised Tests of Achievement","author":"Woodcock, R.W.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb51","volume-title":"Woodcock-Johnson\u2014Revised Tests Of Achievement: Examiner's manual","author":"Woodcock, R.W.","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022219407311038","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022219407311038","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:36:05Z","timestamp":1777617365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0022219407311038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0022219407311038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022219407311038","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}}}