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In this study, the authors investigated the domains of phonological processing, reading, spelling, and arithmetic in 110 adults (ages 18\u201455 years) in healthy control, dyslexia, and ADHD groups.The aim of the study was specifically to compare domain profiles of participants with ADHD to those in other groups.The results showed that participants with dyslexia had the most generalized difficulties. Participants with ADHD were the least affected, and their difficulties reflected less accurate performance. Furthermore, all the observed differences became nonsignificant when intelligence quotient was controlled for. This suggests that adult ADHD is not related to significant impairments in phonological processing or achievement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219409335216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T22:44:14Z","timestamp":1251845054000},"page":"3-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Project DyAdd: Phonological Processing, Reading, Spelling, and Arithmetic in Adults With Dyslexia or ADHD"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Marja","family":"Laasonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maisa","family":"Lehtinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Lepp\u00e4m\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Tani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Hokkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"ADHD and the nature of self-control","author":"Barkley, R.A.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0998-66"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.15.3.351"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01710.x"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170500499X"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01026919"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/271746a0"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/301419a0"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.18.1.1"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00366.x"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn896"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen, J.","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb14","first-page":"266","volume":"48","author":"Critchley, M.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Research Publications Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.1999.0870"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949102400206"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Conners\u2019 Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV (CAADID)","author":"Epstein, J.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(90)90157-C"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948902200102"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders, (SCID-II)","author":"First, M.B.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Clinician Version (SCID-CV)","author":"First, M.B.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.18.3.543"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194070400010401"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.285","volume":"10","author":"Ghelani, K.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dyslexia: An International Journal of Research and Practice"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.18.3.485"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.21.2.263"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"Lukivaikeuksien seulontamenetelm\u00e4 nuorille ja aikuisille [Dyslexia screening test for youth and adults]","author":"Holopainen, L.","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949402700605"},{"key":"atypb29","volume-title":"Temporal acuity in developmental dyslexia across the life span: Tactile, auditory, visual, and crossmodal estimations. 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