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For example, on multiple measures of reading comprehension, adults with LD had a mean reading score at the third grade level, whereas adults without LD read at the fifth grade level. In addition, large numbers of adults perform at the lowest skill levels on quantitative tasks. Clearly, significant instructional challenges exist for adults who struggle with literacy issues, and those challenges can be greater for adults with LD. In this article, the literature on adults with LD is reviewed, and evidenced-based instructional practices that significantly narrow the literacy achievement gap for this population are identified. Primary attention is given to instructional factors that have been shown to affect literacy outcomes for adults with LD. These factors include the use of explicit instruction, instructional technology, and intensive tutoring in skills and strategies embedded in authentic contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219411426859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,8]],"date-time":"2011-11-08T03:59:36Z","timestamp":1320724776000},"page":"64-78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effective Literacy Instruction for Adults With Specific Learning Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Hock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0022219411426859","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540\u20135826.2005.00126"},{"key":"bibr2-0022219411426859","first-page":"153","volume":"14","author":"*Berne J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adult Basic Education"},{"key":"bibr3-0022219411426859","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5951\/MT.91.2.0118"},{"key":"bibr4-0022219411426859","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009155219502300203"},{"key":"bibr5-0022219411426859","volume-title":"Promoting postsecondary education for students with learning disabilities","author":"Brinckerhoff L. 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