{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:33:01Z","timestamp":1790166781262,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,30]],"date-time":"2012-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Elementary school children with reading disabilities (RD;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 17), mathematical disabilities (MD;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 22), or combined reading and mathematical disabilities (RD+MD;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 28) were compared to average achieving (AA;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 45) peers on working memory measures. On all working memory components, 2 (RD vs. no RD) \u00d7 2 (MD vs. no MD) factorial ANCOVAs revealed clear differences between children with and without RD. Children with MD had lower span scores than the AA children on measures of the phonological loop and the central executive. A significant interaction effect between RD and MD was found only for listening recall and had a small, partial effect size. In addition, analyses showed that the best logistic regression model consisted of a visuospatial and a central executive task. The model significantly distinguished between the AA and clinical groups and between the MD and RD+MD groups. Evidence was found for domain-general working memory problems in children with learning disabilities. Management of working memory loads in structured learning activities in the classroom, at home, or during therapy may help these children to cope with their problems in a more profound manner.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219412455238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T15:57:02Z","timestamp":1346515022000},"page":"461-472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Working Memory in Children With Reading Disabilities and\/or Mathematical Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Frauke","family":"De Weerdt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemie","family":"Desoete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Roeyers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","volume-title":"Automated Working Memory Assessment","author":"Alloway T. P.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alloway T. P. (2007). Automated Working Memory Assessment. London, UK: Harcourt Assessment."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","volume-title":"Working memory","author":"Baddeley A.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Baddeley A. (1986). Working memory. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/027249896392784"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364\u20136613(00)01538\u20132"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/pb-50-3-4-223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","volume-title":"Kortrijkse Rekentest-Revisie","author":"Baudonck M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baudonck M., Debusschere A., Dewulf B., Samyn F., Vercaemst V., Desoete A. (2006). Kortrijkse Rekentest-Revisie [Kortrijk Arithmetic Test Revision]. Kortrijk, Belgium: Revalidatiecentrum Overleie."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096\u20133445.132.1.71"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","volume-title":"E\u00e9n-Minuut-Test: vorm A en B","author":"Brus B. T.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brus B. T., Voeten M. J. M. (1999). E\u00e9n-Minuut-Test: vorm A en B [One Minute Reading Test]. Nijmegen, Netherlands: Berkhout."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15326942DN1903_3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","volume-title":"The mathematical brain","author":"Butterworth B.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Butterworth B. (1999). The mathematical brain. London, UK: Macmillan."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","volume-title":"Visuo-spatial working memory and individual differences","author":"Cornoldi C.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cornoldi C., Vecchi T. (2003). Visuo-spatial working memory and individual differences. Hove, UK: Psychology Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","volume-title":"Human memory and the medial temporal region of the brain","author":"Corsi P. M.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Corsi P. M. (1972). Human memory and the medial temporal region of the brain. Montreal, Canada: McGill University."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","volume-title":"Tempo Test Rekenen","author":"De Vos T","year":"1992","unstructured":"De Vos T. (1992). Tempo Test Rekenen [Arithmetic Number Facts Test]. Nijmegen, Netherlands: Berkhout."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219408321128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096\u20133445.133.1.101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuchs L. S. Fuchs D. (2002). Mathematical problem-solving profiles of students with mathematics disabilities with and without comorbid reading disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities 35(6) 563\u2013573. Retrieved from http:\/\/web.ebscohost.com\/","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194020350060701"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2005.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000709900158047"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","volume-title":"Working Memory Test Battery for Children","author":"Gathercole S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gathercole S., Pickering S. J. (2001). Working Memory Test Battery for Children. London, UK: Psychological Corporation."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","unstructured":"Gathercole S. Pickering S. J. Braams T. (2002). Working Memory Test Battery for Children: Dutch translation. (Unpublished ed.). Deventer Netherlands."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e318209edef"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2007.01069.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","volume-title":"PI-dictee","author":"Geelhoed J.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Geelhoed J., Reitsma P. (2000). PI-dictee [PI-dictation]. Lisse, Netherlands: Harcourt."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","volume-title":"L\u2019\u00e9valuation clinique de l\u2019intelligence de l\u2019enfant","author":"Gr\u00e9goire J.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gr\u00e9goire J. (2000). L\u2019\u00e9valuation clinique de l\u2019intelligence de l\u2019enfant [The clinical evaluation of the child\u2019s intelligence]. Li\u00e8ge, Belgium: Mardaga."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1026\/0049\u20138637\/a000024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","unstructured":"Hermans D. Clarysse J. Baeyens F. Spruyt A. (2005). Affect (Version 4.0) [Computer software]. Louvain Belgium: University of Leuven. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.psy.kuleuven.ac.be\/leerpsy\/affect4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imbo I. Szmalec A. Vandierendonck A. (2009). The role of structure in age-related increases in visuo-spatial working memory span. Psychologica Belgica 49(4) 275\u2013291. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/","DOI":"10.5334\/pb-49-4-275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2501_11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kibby M. Y. Marks W. Morgan S. Long C. J. (2004). Specific impairment in developmental reading disabilities: A working memory approach. Journal of Learning Disabilities 37(4) 349\u2013363. Retrieved from http:\/\/web.ebscohost.com\/","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194040370040601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2003.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2009.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20137610.2009.02164.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20132788.2008.01105.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210701774200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/026151007X236061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1999.2516"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139174909"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murphy M. M. Mazzocco M. M. M. Hanich L. B. Early M. C. (2007). Cognitive characteristics of children with mathematics learning disability (MLD) vary as a function of the cutoff criterion used to define MLD. Journal of Learning Disabilities 40(5) 458\u2013478. Retrieved from http:\/\/web.ebscohost.com\/","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194070400050901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1034912x.2011.547351"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040701566662"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09541440903091127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2004.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","unstructured":"Pelham W. E. Gnagy E. M. Greenslade K. E. Milich R. Oosterlaan J. Baeyens D. Scheres A. Antrop I. Roeyers H. Sergeant J. A. (2008). VvGK6-16: Vragenlijst voor gedragsproblemen bij kinderen [Disruptive behavior disorder rating scale for children]. Amsterdam Netherlands: Pearson."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2006.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2011.01225.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194050380010201"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648\u2013006\u20139024\u20131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738040190100501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2006.046516"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shalev R. S. Auerbach J. Manor O. Gross-Tsur V. (2000). Developmental dyscalculia: Prevalence and prognosis. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 9 58\u201364. Retrieved from http:\/\/web.ebscohost.com\/","DOI":"10.1007\/s007870070009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802\u2013006\u20139037\u20138"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siegel L. S. Ryan E. B. (1989). The development of working memory in normally achieving and subtypes of learning disabled children. Child Development 60(4) 973\u2013980. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1989.tb03528.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09658210601043384"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724989208250624"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210500162854"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219409345011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543076002249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.2000.2587"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219409331958"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724980143000550"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","volume-title":"De Klepel: vorm A en B","author":"Van den Bos K. P.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Van den Bos K. P., Spelberg L. H. C., Scheepstra A. J. M., de Vries J. R. (1994). De Klepel: vorm A en B. Nijmegen, Netherlands: Berkhout."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van der Sluis S. van der Leij A. de Jong P. F. (2005). Working memory in Dutch children with reading- and arithmetic-related LD. Journal of Learning Disabilities 38(3) 207\u2013221. Retrieved from http:\/\/web.ebscohost.com","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194050380030301"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000712604322779460"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0021\u20139630.2003.00305.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2010.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u2013III-NL","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wechsler D., Kort W., Schittekatte M., Bosmans M., Compaan E. L., Dekker P. H., . . . Verhaeghe P. (2005). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u2013III-NL. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Harcourt."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326942dn2701_3"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022219412455238","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0022219412455238","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022219412455238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:37:49Z","timestamp":1777617469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0022219412455238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,30]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0022219412455238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022219412455238","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,30]]}}}