{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:53:57Z","timestamp":1793832837485,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,6]],"date-time":"2014-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388966400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A 2-year, randomized control trial with 9th to 10th grade students with significant reading problems was provided for 50 minutes a day in small groups. Comparison students were provided an elective class and treatment students the reading intervention. Students were identified as demonstrating reading difficulties through failure on their state accountability test and were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions and a business as usual (BAU) condition: reading without dropout prevention, reading with dropout prevention, dropout prevention without reading, or a BAU condition. Findings from the 2-year reading intervention (reading with and without dropout prevention combined and BAU) are reported in this article. Students in reading treatment compared to students in BAU demonstrated significant gains on reading comprehension (effect size = .43), and improved reading was associated with better grades in social studies. Findings from this study provide a rationale for further implementation and investigation of intensive intervention for high school students with reading difficulties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219413515511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,6]],"date-time":"2014-01-06T23:18:21Z","timestamp":1389050301000},"page":"546-558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["High School Students With Reading Comprehension Difficulties"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Sharon","family":"Vaughn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"Wexler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland, College Park, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Vaughn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis University, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-M\u00e1ria","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer B.","family":"Schnakenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2004.01.002"},{"key":"bibr2-0022219413515511","volume-title":"REWARDS Plus: Reading strategies applied to social studies passages","author":"Archer A. L.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr3-0022219413515511","first-page":"179","volume":"3","author":"Baumann J. F.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Teaching and Learning Vocabulary: Bringing Research to Practice"},{"key":"bibr4-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948802100202"},{"key":"bibr5-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194040370040501"},{"key":"bibr6-0022219413515511","volume-title":"Effective instruction for adolescent struggling readers: A practice brief","author":"Boardman A. G.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr7-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6210.2007.00773.x"},{"key":"bibr8-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(83)80002-4"},{"key":"bibr9-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018212"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr10-0022219413515511","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"Chamberlain A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Middle Grades Research Journal"},{"key":"bibr11-0022219413515511","volume-title":"Quasi-experimentation: Design & analysis issues for field settings","author":"Cook T. D.","year":"1979"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr12-0022219413515511","first-page":"329","volume":"39","author":"Cordero-Ponce W. L.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Literacy Research and Instruction"},{"key":"bibr13-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654308325998"},{"key":"bibr14-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014699"},{"key":"bibr15-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-8606.2008.00061.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr16-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/09362839109524764","volume":"2","author":"Horton S. V.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exceptionality: A Special Education Journal"},{"key":"bibr17-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948902200205"},{"key":"bibr18-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"bibr19-0022219413515511","unstructured":"Kamil M. L., Borman G. D., Dole J., Kral C. C., Salinger T., Torgesen J. (2008). Improving adolescent literacy: Effective classroom and intervention practices: A practice guide (NCEE #2008-4027). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved from http:\/\/ies.ed.gov\/ncee\/wwc"},{"key":"bibr20-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-007-9092-8"},{"key":"bibr21-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-009-9198-2"},{"key":"bibr22-0022219413515511","first-page":"220","volume-title":"Handbook of reading interventions","author":"Klingner J.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr23-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19345740802641535"},{"key":"bibr24-0022219413515511","volume-title":"Gates-MacGinitie reading tests","author":"MacGinitie W. H.","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr25-0022219413515511","volume-title":"Introduction to statistical mediation analysis","author":"MacKinnon D. P.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr26-0022219413515511","first-page":"341","volume-title":"Structural equation modeling: Present and future","author":"McArdle J. J.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr27-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2009.12.001"},{"key":"bibr28-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219409359341"},{"key":"bibr29-0022219413515511","volume-title":"Mplus: Statistical analysis with latent variables; User\u2019s guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n L. K.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr30-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.98.1.134"},{"key":"bibr31-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879"},{"key":"bibr32-0022219413515511","volume-title":"Reading for understanding: Toward an R&D program in reading comprehension","author":"RAND Reading Study Group","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr33-0022219413515511","unstructured":"Roberts G., Vaughn M., Vaughn S., Fall A., Schnakenberg J., Coleman M., Wexler J. (2013). School engagement: Malleability and treatment effects in a randomized control trial. Manuscript submitted for publication."},{"key":"bibr34-0022219413515511","volume-title":"Intervention for adolescent struggling readers: A meta-analysis with implication for practice","author":"Scammacca N.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr35-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15427600902911247"},{"key":"bibr36-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17763\/haer.78.1.v62444321p602101"},{"key":"bibr37-0022219413515511","unstructured":"Somers M. A., Corrin W., Sepanik S., Salinger T., Levin J., Zmach C. (2010). The Enhanced Reading Opportunities Study final report: The impact of supplemental literacy courses for struggling ninth-grade readers (NCEE 2010\u20134022). Retrieved from http:\/\/ies.ed.gov\/ncee\/pubs\/20104021\/pdf\/20104021.pdf"},{"key":"bibr38-0022219413515511","unstructured":"Texas Education Agency. (2004). Appendix\u2014Technical Digest 2004-2005. Retrieved from http:\/\/ritter.tea.state.tx.us\/student.assessment\/resources\/techdig05\/appendices.html"},{"key":"bibr39-0022219413515511","volume-title":"Academic literacy instruction for adolescents: A guiding document from the Center on Instruction","author":"Torgesen J. K.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr40-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.12.3.268"},{"key":"bibr41-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219412442157"},{"key":"bibr42-0022219413515511","volume-title":"Vocabulary and oral language development","author":"Vaughn Gross Center for Reading and Language Arts at The University of Texas at Austin","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr43-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0002831211410305"},{"key":"bibr44-0022219413515511","volume-title":"Intensive interventions for students struggling in reading and mathematics: A practice guide","author":"Vaughn S.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr45-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219411402692"},{"key":"bibr46-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.2007.12087917"},{"key":"bibr47-0022219413515511","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-009-9179-5"},{"key":"bibr48-0022219413515511","first-page":"8","author":"Willingham D. T.","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Educator"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr49-0022219413515511","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"Wu A. D.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022219413515511","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0022219413515511","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022219413515511","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:38:42Z","timestamp":1777617522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0022219413515511"}},"subtitle":["Results of a Randomized Control Trial of a Two-Year Reading Intervention"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0022219413515511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022219413515511","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,6]]}}}