{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:51:15Z","timestamp":1789602675138,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,7]],"date-time":"2018-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.sagepub.com\/licence-information-for-chorus"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000171","name":"Division of Human Resource Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1243179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1243179"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the most recent two decades, federal policy has urged high schools to embed applied science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses into the curriculum to reinforce concepts learned in traditional math and science classes as well as to motivate students\u2019 interests and long-term pursuits in STEM areas. While prior research has examined whether these courses link to STEM persistence for the general student population, no work has examined the role of these courses for students with learning disabilities (LDs). This is a critical lapse, as these courses have been supported as being one path by which STEM material can become more accessible for students with diverse learning needs. Hence, this descriptive study examines the landscape of applied STEM course taking for students with LDs. The findings suggest students with LDs are less likely to take applied STEM courses in high school compared to the general population. Additionally, while the general population does benefit from taking these courses, there is a unique association between applied STEM course taking and advanced math and science course taking or math achievement for students with LDs. Hence, there is no evidence that applied STEM course taking is related to any closure of the STEM achievement gap for students with LDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219417690356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T16:26:13Z","timestamp":1486484773000},"page":"250-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Does Applied STEM Course Taking Link to STEM Outcomes for High School Students With Learning Disabilities?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Gottfried","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Santa Barbara, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Sublett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Santa Barbara, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0022219417690356","volume-title":"Answers in the tool box: Academic intensity, attendance patterns, and bachelor\u2019s degree attainment","author":"Adelman C.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr2-0022219417690356","volume-title":"The toolbox revisited: Paths to degree completion from high school through college","author":"Adelman C.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr3-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpp004"},{"key":"bibr4-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440291007600303"},{"key":"bibr5-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004005991304500401"},{"key":"bibr6-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440299606200502"},{"key":"bibr7-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540250500145072"},{"key":"bibr8-0022219417690356","volume-title":"The 2007 revision of the career\/technical education portion of the secondary school taxonomy (No. 2008\u201330)","author":"Bradby D.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr9-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5826.2011.00343.x"},{"key":"bibr10-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.82.4.866"},{"key":"bibr11-0022219417690356","volume-title":"Mathematics, foreign language, and science coursetaking and the NELS:88 transcript data (Working Paper, NCES 2003\u201301)","author":"Burkam D. T.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr12-0022219417690356","volume-title":"Microeconometrics using Stata","author":"Cameron A. C.","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr13-0022219417690356","unstructured":"Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006, S. 250, 109th Congress (2006). Retrieved from https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/BILLS-109s250enr\/pdf\/BILLS-109s250enr.pdf"},{"key":"bibr14-0022219417690356","volume-title":"STEM: Science technology, engineering, mathematics","author":"Carnevale A. P.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr15-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440290206800401"},{"key":"bibr16-0022219417690356","volume-title":"Becoming adult: How teenagers prepare for the world of work","author":"Csikszentmihalyi M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr17-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5826.2011.00341.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr18-0022219417690356","first-page":"329","volume":"79","author":"Faulkner V. N.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exceptional Children"},{"key":"bibr19-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2202\/1935-1682.1521"},{"key":"bibr20-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00220671.2014.899959"},{"key":"bibr21-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016146811411600703"},{"key":"bibr22-0022219417690356","volume-title":"Education Longitudinal Study of 2002: Base-year to first follow-up data file documentation","author":"Ingels S. J."},{"key":"bibr23-0022219417690356","unstructured":"Langdon D., McKittrick G., Beede D., Khan B., Doms M. (2011, July). STEM: Good jobs now and for the future. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.esa.doc.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/documents\/stemfinalyjuly14_1.pdf"},{"key":"bibr24-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2112836"},{"key":"bibr25-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0002831211431952"},{"key":"bibr26-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019263659808259816"},{"key":"bibr27-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503622944"},{"key":"bibr28-0022219417690356","volume-title":"Accommodating students with disabilities in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM): Findings from research and practice for middle grades through university education","author":"Moon N. W.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr29-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X16633182"},{"key":"bibr30-0022219417690356","volume-title":"Science and engineering indicators 2010","author":"National Science Board","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr31-0022219417690356","volume-title":"Women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in science and engineering: 2013","author":"National Science Foundation","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr32-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1511293"},{"key":"bibr33-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074193259401500207"},{"key":"bibr34-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-009-9647-z"},{"key":"bibr35-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plank S. B., DeLuca S., Estacion A. (2008). High school dropout and the role of career and technical education: A survival analysis of surviving high school. Sociology of Education, 81(4), 345\u2013370. Retrieved from http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/003804070808100402","DOI":"10.1177\/003804070808100402"},{"key":"bibr36-0022219417690356","unstructured":"President\u2019s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. (2010, September). Prepare and inspire: K-12 education in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) for America\u2019s future. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/microsites\/ostp\/pcast-stemed-report.pdf"},{"key":"bibr37-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/506495"},{"key":"bibr38-0022219417690356","unstructured":"Rothwell J. (2014, July). Still searching: Job vacancies and STEM skills. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/interactives\/2014\/job-vacancies-and-stem-skills#\/M10420"},{"key":"bibr39-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0400400301"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr40-0022219417690356","first-page":"351","volume":"24","author":"Rule A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Postsecondary Education & Disability"},{"key":"bibr41-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781439821862"},{"key":"bibr42-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.2.147"},{"key":"bibr43-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009601517753"},{"key":"bibr44-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002246699302700101"},{"key":"bibr45-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0002831213479439"},{"key":"bibr46-0022219417690356","volume-title":"Report to Congress on the implementation of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act","volume":"1","author":"Spellings M.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr47-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/PSFL.49.1.19-21"},{"key":"bibr48-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5826.2011.00340.x"},{"key":"bibr49-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1556-6678.2002.tb00213.x"},{"key":"bibr50-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10824660701601266"},{"key":"bibr51-0022219417690356","volume-title":"Education longitudinal study of 2002 (ELS:2002): Base year to second follow-up data file documentation","author":"U.S. Department of Education","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr52-0022219417690356","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Education. (2009). Institute of Education Statistics, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), 2009 Science Assessment. Retrieved from http:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/nationsreportcard\/"},{"key":"bibr53-0022219417690356","volume-title":"The condition of education","author":"U.S. Department of Education","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr54-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19990330)18:6<681::AID-SIM71>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"bibr55-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5826.2011.00344.x"},{"key":"bibr56-0022219417690356","unstructured":"Vilorio D. (2014). STEM 101: Intro to tomorrow\u2019s jobs. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.bls.gov\/careeroutlook\/2014\/spring\/art01.pdf"},{"key":"bibr57-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.09.001"},{"key":"bibr58-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9531.2007.00180.x"},{"key":"bibr59-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11162-013-9291-x"},{"key":"bibr60-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00645.x"},{"key":"bibr61-0022219417690356","volume-title":"College readiness begins in middle school","author":"Wimberly G. L.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr62-0022219417690356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamauchi C., Leigh A. (2011). Which children benefit from non-parental care? Economics of Education Review, 30(6), 1468\u20131490. Retrieved from http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.econedurev.2011.07.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econedurev.2011.07.012"},{"key":"bibr63-0022219417690356","unstructured":"Yellen J. L. (2014). Speech at the National Summit on Diversity in the Economics Profession, Washington, D.C.: Welcoming remarks. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.federalreserve.gov\/newsevents\/speech\/yellen20141030a.htm?"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022219417690356","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0022219417690356","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022219417690356","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022219417690356","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:39:34Z","timestamp":1777617574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0022219417690356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0022219417690356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022219417690356","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]]}}}