{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:23:36Z","timestamp":1790745816812,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]],"date-time":"2018-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531094400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Successful reading demands the ability to combine visual-phonological information into a single representation and is associated with an efficient short-term memory. Reading disability may consequently involve an impaired working memory binding of visual and phonological information. The present study proposes two span tasks for assessing visual-phonological working memory binding. The tasks involved memorizing cross-modal associations between nonsense figures and nonwords, and they were administered, with other working memory measures, to children with and without a reading disability. The tasks required recognizing which figure was associated with a given nonword and recalling which nonword was associated with a given figure. Children with a reading disability had a similar significant deficit in both cross-modal binding tasks when compared with the control children, and the difference remained significant even after controlling for other verbal and nonverbal working memory measures. The cross-modal binding tasks described here seem to capture a core aspect of working memory associated with reading and may be a useful procedure for assessing reading disabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219418786691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]],"date-time":"2018-07-09T08:35:27Z","timestamp":1531125327000},"page":"99-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A Cross-Modal Working Memory Binding Span Deficit in Reading Disability"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Enrico","family":"Toffalini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Marsura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Basso","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Cornoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pne0000066"},{"key":"bibr2-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280802281386"},{"key":"bibr3-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2013.03.009"},{"key":"bibr4-0022219418786691","volume-title":"Working memory","author":"Baddeley A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr5-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01538-2"},{"key":"bibr6-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1998.1039"},{"key":"bibr7-0022219418786691","volume-title":"BVN 5-11 Batteria di Valutazione Neuropsicologica per l\u2019Et\u00e0 Evolutiva","author":"Bisiacchi P.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr8-0022219418786691","unstructured":"Caldarola N., Perini N., Cornoldi C. (2012). DLC: Una prova di decisione lessicale per la valutazione collettiva delle abilita di lettura [DLC: A lexical decision task for the assessment of reading decoding]. Dislessia, 9(1), 89\u2013104. Retrieved from http:\/\/rivistedigitali.erickson.it\/dislessia\/archivio\/vol-9-n-1-2\/"},{"key":"bibr9-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2006.04.002"},{"key":"bibr10-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-010-9238-y"},{"key":"bibr11-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219412455238"},{"key":"bibr12-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjdp.12019"},{"key":"bibr13-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2015.07.002"},{"key":"bibr14-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2017.01.014"},{"key":"bibr15-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.09.007"},{"key":"bibr16-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2006.09.002"},{"key":"bibr17-0022219418786691","unstructured":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0. (2011). Consensus conference on learning disabilities. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.snlg-iss.it\/cms\/files\/Cc_Disturbi_Apprendimento_sito.pdf"},{"key":"bibr18-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033334"},{"key":"bibr19-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2009.02.001"},{"key":"bibr20-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2012.11.012"},{"key":"bibr21-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2013.10.005"},{"key":"bibr22-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2016.05.007"},{"key":"bibr23-0022219418786691","volume-title":"Poster presented at the XXVI National Congress on Learning Disorders, AIRIPA","author":"Marsura M.","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr24-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-0318-1"},{"key":"bibr25-0022219418786691","volume-title":"DDE-2\u2014Batteria per la valutazione della dislessia e della disortografia evolutiva\u20132","author":"Sartori G.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr26-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.70.4.539"},{"key":"bibr27-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1998.2477"},{"key":"bibr28-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702616672038"},{"key":"bibr29-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2017.1329411"},{"key":"bibr30-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(75)90050-0"},{"key":"bibr31-0022219418786691","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888438.2010.534832"},{"key":"bibr32-0022219418786691","volume-title":"WISC-IV technical and interpretive manual","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022219418786691","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0022219418786691","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0022219418786691","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:39:56Z","timestamp":1777617596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0022219418786691"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0022219418786691"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022219418786691","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]]}}}