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This study represents an initial investigation of whether classroom teachers\u2019 intervention fidelity (exposure, adherence, and quality) of targeted reading instruction (TRI, formerly called targeted reading intervention), a professional development program with embedded student intervention and weekly webcam literacy coaching support, was related to spring reading and oral vocabulary gains for students at risk for reading-related disabilities. The study also examined whether teachers\u2019 years of participation in TRI (1 year vs. 2 years) moderated associations between intervention fidelity and students\u2019 reading and oral vocabulary outcomes. Findings suggested that teachers\u2019 adherence to TRI strategies was directly associated with students\u2019 vocabulary gains as well as word reading skills for teachers in their second year of participation. Furthermore, when teachers provided students with more TRI exposure during their second year of participation, students made greater gains in word reading and reading comprehension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219421999844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T02:54:40Z","timestamp":1617332080000},"page":"484-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Elementary Teachers\u2019 Intervention Fidelity in Relation to Reading and Vocabulary Outcomes for Students at Risk for Reading-Related Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5537-4902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheryl","family":"Varghese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Bratsch-Hines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida, USA"},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Aiken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne","family":"Vernon-Feagans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0022219421999844","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amendum S. 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