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To estimate pandemic learning loss, we contrasted fall performance for 3 cohorts: fall of 2019 (pre-pandemic; n = 47), 2020 (early pandemic, when performance was affected by the truncated preceding school year; n = 35), and 2021 (later pandemic, when performance was affected by the truncated 2019 to 2020 school year plus the subsequent year\u2019s ongoing interruptions; n = 75). Across the 2 years, declines (standard deviations below expected growth) were approximately 3 times larger than those reported for the general population and for students in high-poverty schools. To estimate the promise of structured remote intervention for addressing such learning loss during extended school closures, we contrasted effects in the RCT\u2019s 2018 to 2019 cohort (entirely in-person intervention delivery; n = 66) against the same intervention\u2019s effects in the 2020 to 2021 cohort (alternating periods of remote and in-person delivery; n = 29). Large intervention effects were not moderated by pandemic status, suggesting potential for structured remote intervention to address student needs during extended school closures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194231170313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T08:45:53Z","timestamp":1684313153000},"page":"278-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Severe Pandemic Learning Loss and the Promise of Remotely Delivered Intervention in Students With Comorbid Reading and Mathematics Learning Difficulty"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Lynn S.","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"},{"name":"American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela M.","family":"Seethaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"},{"name":"American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Espinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00222194231170313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000312240707200202"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr2-00222194231170313","first-page":"269","volume":"15","author":"Allinder R. 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