{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:24:50Z","timestamp":1777893890833,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1986,11,1]],"date-time":"1986-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":531187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article provides descriptive data on a statewide sample of all children referred for complete psychological evaluation during a school year. Basic demographic data, IQ, achievement, perceptual-motor, and behavior ratings, along with a diagnostic classification of learning, mental, or emotional disability or no handicap, were recorded and analyzed. Those labeled as learning disabled had a pattern that was clearly different from normals, low-achieving nonhandicapped, and those with other handicaps. Specifically, the learning disabled children had a larger degree of academic discrepancy and were more likely to have achievement that was deviant from grade level. Their behavior ratings on the Devereux suggested more difficulty than normal children with teacher dependency, inattentiveness, and comprehension. These findings indicate that in certain populations there are very basic differences between normals, low achievers, and learning disabled children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948601900907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T02:27:07Z","timestamp":1230085627000},"page":"553-557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Characteristics of Learning Disabled and Other Handicapped Students Referred for Evaluation in the State of Iowa"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lonny","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lonny R. Wilson PhD, is a Psychologist and Research Consultant, Mississippi Bend Area Education Agency, Bettendorf, Iowa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Cone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas E. Cone PhD, is Coordinator of Psychological Services, Educational Service District 112, Vancouver, Washington, and a Research and Development Consultant to state offices of education and local school districts."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carol McDonald Bradley PhD, is an Administrative Consultant to the Superintendent, Iowa Department of Public Instruction."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Reese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"James H. Reese MEd, is Consultant, Learning Disabilities, Iowa Department of Public Instruction."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1986,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440298305000307"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"The Iowa learning disability research project","author":"Cone, T.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"A study of the differential diagnosis of mildly handicapped students based on selected behavior variables","author":"Downey, C.M.","year":"1979"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Characteristics and classification of educable mentally retarded, learning disabled, and emotionally disturbed students","author":"Gajar, A.H.","year":"1977"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Evaluation of the identification of perceptual-communicative disorders in Colorado: Final report","author":"Shepard, L.","year":"1981"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440297304000307"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4405(84)90055-4"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002246698201600108"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221948601900907","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221948601900907","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:04:39Z","timestamp":1777619079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002221948601900907"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1986,11]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1986,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002221948601900907"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002221948601900907","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1986,11]]}}}