{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:26:57Z","timestamp":1777894017507,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,6,1]],"date-time":"1989-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":612662400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study addressed the issue of specificity in reading disability by comparing two approaches to defining and selecting children with reading disabilities. One approach defined reading disability according to cutoff scores representing appropriate levels of intelligence and reading deficiency, whereas the other approach adjusted these scores for their intercorrelation through regression procedures. Results revealed clear differences in which children were identified as reading disabled according to the two definitions. However, differences in neuropsychological performance between children whose reading scores were discrepant or not discrepant with IQ were small and nonspecific for both definitions. The results of this study show that children identified as reading disabled vary according to the definition employed; at this point, there is little evidence suggesting any specificity of reading disability according to definition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948902200603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T02:27:07Z","timestamp":1230085627000},"page":"334-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Comparisons of Cutoff and Regression-Based Definitions of Reading Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jack M.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jack M. Fletcher is an associate professor of psychology at the University of Houston in the clinical neuropsychology program. He is a diplomate of the American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology. His principal research areas are concerned with the classification of neurobehavioral disorders of childhood and with recovery of function in brain injured children. Address: Jack M. Fletcher, Department of Psychology, 4800 Calhoun Rd., University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. A.","family":"Espy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.A. Espy is a graduate student in the Department of Psychology, University of Houston."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David J. Francis, PhD, is an assistant professor, Department of Psychology, University of Houston."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin C.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kevin C. Davidson is a graduate student, Department of Psychology, University of Houston."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byron P.","family":"Rourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Byron P. Rourke, PhD, is professor of psychology and university professor at the University of Windsor. He has co-authored and edited several books, including Child Neuropsychology: An Introduction to Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sally E.","family":"Shaywitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sally E. Shaywitz, MD, is a developmental pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine. She is interested in learning and attentional disorders in children. She is the principal investigator of the Connecticut Longitudinal Study."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"735","volume":"74","author":"Bortner, M.","year":"1970","journal-title":"American Journal of Mental Deficiency"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-1083-9_2"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Dyslexia: An appraisal of current research","author":"Doehring, D.G.","year":"1978"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Handbook of neuropsychology (Vol. I)","author":"Fletcher, J.M.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb5","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Handbook of cognitive, social, and neuropsychological aspects of learning disabilities","author":"Fletcher, J.M.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"The nature of human intelligence","author":"Guilford, J.P.","year":"1967"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Wide range achievement test","author":"Jastak, J.L.","year":"1965"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00620.x"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Intelligent testing with the WISC\u2013R","author":"Kaufman, A.S.","year":"1979"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688638808402801"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"Dyslexia: A global issue","author":"Morris, R.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002246698401800403"},{"key":"atypb13","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Progress in learning disabilities","author":"Rourke, B.P.","year":"1978"},{"key":"atypb14","first-page":"453","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical neuropsychology","author":"Rourke, B.P.","year":"1981"},{"key":"atypb15","first-page":"564","volume-title":"Developmental neuropsychiatry","author":"Rourke, B.P.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Neuropsychology of learning disabilities: Essentials of subtype analysis","author":"Rourke, B.P.","year":"1985"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Neuropsychological assessment of children","author":"Rourke, B.P.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.49.4.249"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1975.tb01269.x"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"Assessment of children's intelligence and special abilities (2nd ed.)","author":"Sattler, J.M.","year":"1982"},{"key":"atypb21","author":"Shaywitz, S.E.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Child Neurology Society"},{"key":"atypb22","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Handbook of psychological assessment","author":"Taylor, H.G.","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb23","volume-title":"Wechsler intelligence scale for children","author":"Wechsler, D.","year":"1949"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000401864"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221948902200603","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221948902200603","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:07:18Z","timestamp":1777619238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002221948902200603"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,6]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002221948902200603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002221948902200603","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,6]]}}}