{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T16:33:04Z","timestamp":1785169984229,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,1]],"date-time":"1990-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":644198400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Few studies have been devoted to the family characteristics of children with dystexia. The findings from the studies available are often contradictory with regard to father's socioeconomic status, parents' age, sibship size, and birth order, Mother's socioeconomic status has attracted little attention. The present study was based on a retrospective review of 249 children with severe dyslexia. The major findings were the low occupational status and educational level of parents and the predominance of high-ranking children in large sibships. However, parental age was not found to be an important risk factor. These findings are discussed in the light of previous results. Matrimonial status seemed unimportant. There was objective agreement upon the predominance of large sibships and high ordinal birth positions, although their significance remains poorly understood. No convincing support was found for the aging hypothesis. Mother's low socioeconomic and educational status may be an aggravating factor. Key words: Dyslexia, Family Characteristics, Sibling Relation, Birth Order, Socioeconomic Factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949002300610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T02:27:07Z","timestamp":1230085627000},"page":"386-391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Family Characteristics of Children with Dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Badrig A.","family":"Melekian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Badrig A. Melekian is a pediatrician. He is currently a consultant at the children's hospital Trousseau, Facult\u00e9 Saint-Antoine, in Paris, chief physician at a center for children with learning disabilities in Saint Cloud, near Paris, and president of the Fondation de Recherche sur la Dyslexie. His research interests include dyslexia, and he has published papers in the fields of dyslexia and other learning disabilities. Address: Badrig A. Melekian, 6 rue Crevaux, F-75116 Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"DSM III","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1980"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1531791"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"The dyslexic child","author":"Critchley, M.","year":"1970"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Tableaux D\u00e9mographiques et Sociaux","author":"Croze, M.","year":"1976"},{"key":"atypb5","first-page":"1","volume":"65","author":"Hallgren, B.","year":"1950","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica (Suppl.)"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Epreuve de lecture \u201cJeannot et Georges.\u201d","author":"Hermabessi\u00e8re, G.","year":"1972"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00272293"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8279.1980.tb00803.x"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.52.2.252","volume":"52","author":"Howell, M.C.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.52.3.327","volume":"52","author":"Howell, M.C.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"Population et habitat. R\u00e9gion d'llede-France tableaux \u201cpr\u00e9imprim\u00e9s\u201d du recensement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la population de 1975","author":"INSEE","year":"1975"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"M\u00e9nages-familles: Recensement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la population de 1975","author":"INSEE","year":"1975"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Code des cat\u00e9gories socio-professionnelles","author":"INSEE","year":"1977","edition":"6"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Principaux r\u00e9sultats du recensement de 1975 (Collections de l'INSEE vol. D52)","author":"INSEE","year":"1977"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002193200001172X"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"The syndrome of specific dyslexia","author":"Klasen, E.","year":"1972"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Test de l'Alouette","author":"Lefavrais, P.","year":"1967"},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"391","volume":"66","author":"Leory, B.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Revue Fran\u00e7aise de Gyn\u00e9cologie"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Aspect d\u00e9mographique. In Le divorce en France (Collections de l'INSEE, Vols. D85 and D86)","author":"Munoz-Perez, B.","year":"1981"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19485565.1965.9987611"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"Formation, mobilit\u00e9 sociale, salaires (Collections de l'INSEE, Vol. D93)","author":"Pohl, R.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb22","first-page":"520","volume":"125","author":"Rutter, M.","year":"1974","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(62)91719-1"},{"key":"atypb24","volume-title":"Stadistisk Arsbok 1965. Statistical abstract of Sweden Central Bureau of Statistics 1965","author":"Sweden Central Bureau of Statistics","year":"1965"},{"key":"atypb25","first-page":"97","volume":"16","author":"Warburg, F.","year":"1911","journal-title":"Zeitung f\u00fcr Kinderforschung"},{"key":"atypb26","volume-title":"Echelle d'intelligence de Wechsler pour enfants (Etalonnage francais): Manuel","author":"Wechsler, D.","year":"1965"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949002300610","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949002300610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:08:17Z","timestamp":1777619297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002221949002300610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002221949002300610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002221949002300610","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]}}}