{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:28:00Z","timestamp":1777894080655,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,8,1]],"date-time":"1990-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":649468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined parent reports of behavioral and family functioning for 59 boys with learning disabilities (LD) and 65 nondisabled boys (NLD) of ages 6 to 12 years. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES III). Boys with LD were reported as having significantly more behavior problems of both the Internalizing and Externalizing types than NLD boys. Individual scales yielded group differences indicating higher scores (more problems) for the group with LD on the Hyperactive, Schizoid or Anxious, Depressed, and Obsessive Compulsive scales, but no differences on the Aggressive or Social Withdrawal scales. Furthermore, families of boys with LD tended to score more frequently in the extreme (disturbed) range of family functioning. However, boys of families in the extreme range did not have more behavior problems than the boys of other families. The findings suggest that a greater than average proportion of boys with LD are at risk for developing psychological adjustment problems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949002300709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T02:27:07Z","timestamp":1230085627000},"page":"446-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Psychological Adjustment and Family Functioning of Boys with Learning Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Carolyn R.","family":"Michaels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolyn R. Michaels received her MA in clinical psychology from the University of Manitoba and her PhD in school psychology from Syracuse University in 1988. She also obtained clinical psychology training at Syracuse University and at an internship in Chicago, Illinois. Subsequently, she worked as a clinical psychologist for a group private practice. She has also held positions as a clinical psychologist in a correctional setting and in a developmental center."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence J.","family":"Lewandowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence J. Lewandowski received his MA and PhD in education and psychology from the University of Michigan. Currently, he is an associate professor of psychology and education at Syracuse University. Much of his research and writing pertains to the cognitive, affective, and neuropsychological aspects of learning disabilities. He is a coauthor of a new book titled The Scientific Study of Learning Disabilities: An Historical Perspective. Address: Carolyn R. Michaels, 5970 Harbord Dr., Oakland, CA 94611."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Manual for the child checklist and revised child behavior profile","author":"Achenbach, T.M.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1128109"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"361","volume-title":"Handbook of cognitive, social and neuropsychological aspects of learning disabilities","author":"Bruck, M.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510917"},{"key":"atypb5","first-page":"147","volume":"3","author":"Bryan, T.H.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Advances in Special Education"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Handbook of cognitive, social and neuropsychological aspects of learning disabilities (Vol. 1)","author":"Ceci, S.J.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Handbook of cognitive, social and neuropsychological aspects of learning disabilities (Vol. 2)","author":"Ceci, S.J.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.71.2.250"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1982.54.2.503"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"35","volume":"47","author":"Endler, N.S.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Special Education in Canada"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510400"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510940"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1975.37.1.183"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.74.6.1058","volume":"74","author":"Hartzell, H.E.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.1976.00289.x"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Three families: The effect of family dynamics on social conceptual learning","author":"Kronick, D.","year":"1976"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0030759"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01720320054007"},{"key":"atypb19","first-page":"65","volume":"24","author":"Mash, J.","year":"1984","journal-title":"New Directions for Child Development"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"SOMPA. System of multicultural pluralistic assessment","author":"Mercer, J.R.","year":"1977"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.1975.00017.x"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1127912"},{"key":"atypb23","volume-title":"FACES III. St","author":"Olson, D.H.","year":"1985"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.1983.00069.x"},{"key":"atypb25","volume":"36","author":"Owen, F.W.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Monograph of the Society for Research in Child Development"},{"key":"atypb26","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Psychopathological disorders of childhood","author":"Quay, H.C.","year":"1979","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"Wechsler intelligence scale for children-Revised","author":"Wechsler, D.","year":"1974"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948201500805"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949002300709","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949002300709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:08:21Z","timestamp":1777619301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002221949002300709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002221949002300709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002221949002300709","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,8]]}}}