{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T07:08:59Z","timestamp":1791961739081,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]],"date-time":"1990-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":660009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent evidence suggests that a specific visual-perceptual dysfunction not normally assessed by eye examination should be considered as a significant cause of reading problems. The use of tinted nonoptical (Irlen) lenses to minimize this dysfunction has been hypothesized to result in significant improvement in reading and other visual-processing skills. The present study involved 44 subjects with reading disabilities (33 males, 11 females), aged between 9 years 1 month and 15 years 11 months, who had been provided with Irlen lenses. Assessment of subjects' perception of their own ability (Student's Perception of Ability Scale) 6 and 12 months after the fitting of Irlen lenses indicated a significant improvement in attitude to school and to basic academic skills. Subjects also demonstrated significant improvements in reading comprehension and reading accuracy, but not in rate of reading, when assessed using the Neale Analysis of Reading Ability at 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals after lens fitting. Differences in the pattern of improvement are discussed in light of previous findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949002301005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T02:27:07Z","timestamp":1230085627000},"page":"589-596","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["The Effects of Irlen Colored Lenses on Students' Specific Reading Skills and Their Perception of Ability"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Gregory L.W.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gregory L.W. Robinson is a senior lecturer in special education at the University of Newcastle, Australia. He received his doctorate from the University of Newcastle. His research interests include investigation of reading strategies used by disabled readers and the development of effective parent-school support methods for students with learning disabilities."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert N.F.","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert N.F. Conway is a senior lecturer in special education at the University of Newcastle, Australia. He received his doctorate from Macquarie University following doctoral studies at both Macquarie and the University of Alberta. His research interests lie in the development of metacognitive strategies, particularly planning skills and their incorporation in classroom curriculum teaching. Address: Gregory Robinson, Special Education Centre, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia, 2308."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Poor readers: What do they really see on the page: A study of a major cause of dyslexia","author":"Adler, L.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1978.47.3.827"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002246698101500408"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6807(197904)16:2<201::AID-PITS2310160208>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"Chapman, J.W. & Boersma, F.J. (1982, August). The Student's Perception of Ability Scale: Cross-national validation of an instrument for measuring academic self-concept. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Australian Psychological Society, Melbourne, Australia."},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8279.1969.tb02040.x"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(71)80004-X"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0030288"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"The standard reading tests","author":"Daniels, J.C.","year":"1969"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000494418102500107"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"114","volume-title":"Social and personality development","author":"Dweck, C.S.","year":"1975"},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Forrest, D.L. & Waller, T.G. (1980, August). What do children know about their reading and study skills? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Boston."},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/747459"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"The IDPS Children's Form: A validity study","author":"Haag, S.R.","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8279.1985.tb02605.x"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.1988.tb03751.x"},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"Irlen, H. (1983, August). Successful treatment of learning disabilities. Paper presented at the 91st Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Anaheim, CA."},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948301600812"},{"key":"atypb19","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"Lovegrove, W.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Education News"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"The effective use of reading. 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