{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T06:05:31Z","timestamp":1783145131072,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]],"date-time":"1990-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":660009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objectives of this pilot study were to investigate the effectiveness of Irlen filters for improving comfort and reading performance and to determine whether traditional optometric intervention would be effective in relieving the symptoms commonly reported by people seeking help through the use of Irlen filters. Thirty subjects were included in the study: 12 males and 18 females. The ages of the subjects ranged from 9 to 51 (mean = 23.6). They were randomly placed in either an Irlen filter treatment group (n = 11), a vision therapy treatment group (n = 11), or a control group (n = 8). Pre- and posttesting on all subjects included a vision evaluation, reading and intelligence testing, the Irlen scotopic sensitivity screening test, and a symptom questionnaire. Results revealed that subjects in both treatment groups were more comfortable after treatment, although only the vision therapy group showed improvement in vision functioning. The subjects in the Irlen filter group did not show any significant gains in reading rate, word recognition in context, or comprehension.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949002301007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T02:27:07Z","timestamp":1230085627000},"page":"604-612","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The Effectiveness of Irlen Filters for Improving Reading Performance: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Penni","family":"Blaskey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Penni Blaskey, PhD, is director of Psychological and Educational Services at The Learning Center of the Pennsylvania College of Optometry and an assistant professor at the college."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Scheiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mitchell Scheiman, OD, is chief of the Pediatric\/Binocular Vision Service and an associate professor at the Pennsylvania College of Optometry."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maria Parisi, OD, is an assistant professor at the Pennsylvania College of Optometry."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise B.","family":"Ciner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elise B. Ciner, OD, is director of the Infant Vision Service and an assistant professor at the Pennsylvania College of Optometry."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gallaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael Gallaway, OD, is an associate professor at the Pennsylvania College of Optometry."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Selznick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Richard Selznick, PhD, is a clinical psychologist at The Learning Center of the Pennsylvania College of Optometry. Address: Mitchell Scheiman, OD, Pediatric\/Binocular Vision Service, Pennsylvania College of Optometry, 1201 W. Spencer St., Philadelphia, PA 19141."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"The effect of Irlen lenses on learning disabilities in the Northern Territory","author":"Ament, C","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520340015","volume-title":"Vision screening for elementary schools: The Orinda study","author":"Blum, H.","year":"1959"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"1","volume":"25","author":"Fitzgerald, A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Australian Orthoptic Journal"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Irlen lenses","author":"Fricker, S.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb5","first-page":"38","volume":"60","author":"Garzia, R.P.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of the American Optometric Association"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"124","volume":"61","author":"Garzia, R.P.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of the American Optometric Association"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1989.69.2.383"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Gray oral reading test","author":"Gray, W.S.","year":"1963"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"The IDPS children's form: A validity study","author":"Haag, S.R.","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.1988.tb03751.x"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"Irlen, H. (1983, August). Successful treatment of learning disabilities. Paper presented at the 91st annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Anaheim, CA."},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"413","volume":"109","author":"Irlen, H.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Education"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Information packet","author":"Irlen Institute for Perceptual Disorders.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Irlen scotopic sensitivity screening manual","author":"Irlen Institute for Perceptual and Learning Difficulties."},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Stanford diagnostic reading test","author":"Karlsen, B.","year":"1986","edition":"3"},{"key":"atypb16","first-page":"440","volume":"59","author":"Ludlam, W.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the American Optometric Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"atypb17","first-page":"13","volume":"14","author":"Meares, O.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Visible Language"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-194408000-00001"},{"key":"atypb19","first-page":"10","volume":"20","author":"O'Connor, P.D.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Remedial Education"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"Hunter Institute of Higher Education","author":"Robinson, G.L.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb21","first-page":"26","volume":"194","author":"Rosner, J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Optician"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198411000-00008"},{"key":"atypb23","first-page":"600","volume":"61","author":"Scheiman, M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of the American Optometric Association"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198802000-00009"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198009000-00014"},{"key":"atypb26","first-page":"8","volume":"19","author":"Stanley, G.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Remedial Education"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"Wechsler intelligence scale for children-Revised","author":"Wechsler, D.","year":"1974"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"Wechsler adult intelligence scale-Revised","author":"Wechsler, D.","year":"1981"},{"key":"atypb29","first-page":"13","volume":"20","author":"Whiting, L.R.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Remedial Education"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9817.1988.tb00148.x"},{"key":"atypb31","volume-title":"Woodcock reading mastery test","author":"Woodcock, R.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb32","first-page":"31","volume":"55","author":"Zellers, J.A.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of the American Optometric Association"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949002301007","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949002301007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:08:34Z","timestamp":1777619314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002221949002301007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002221949002301007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002221949002301007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,12]]}}}