{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:22:46Z","timestamp":1790896966880,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,2,1]],"date-time":"1991-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":665366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article discusses the relationship between attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disability (LD). The relevant literature is outlined, and empirical data are presented from a prospective follow-up study of 600 speech\/language-impaired children. The data show an increased prevalence of both LD and ADHD among children with early speech\/language impairments. Furthermore, LD was strongly associated with ADHD in both the initial and follow-up samples. Also, the children with LD had increased rates of other psychiatric disorders (e.g., behavior disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders). The implications of these data are discussed with regard to the possible etiology of the ADHD-LD association, treatment for children with LD and ADHD, and promising hypotheses for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949102400205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T02:27:07Z","timestamp":1230085627000},"page":"88-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":198,"title":["Association Between Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Dennis P.","family":"Cantwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dennis P. Cantwell is director of residency training in child psychiatry and Joseph Campbell Professor of Child Psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine and Neuropsychiatric Institute. He received his MD from the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. His research interests include psychiatric diagnosis and classification, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, childhood depression, and developmental speech\/language disorders."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorian","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lorian Baker holds a PhD in psycholinguistics from UCLA and is currently research professor in the Department of Child Psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine and Neuropsychiatric Institute. Her research centers upon speech\/language development and disorders and their relevance to the field of child psychiatry. Address: Dennis P. Cantwell, UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Assessment and taxonomy of child and adolescent psychopathology","author":"Achenbach, T.","year":"1985"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(86)90060-6"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00638.x"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1980","edition":"3"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800130081010"},{"key":"atypb6","unstructured":"Anthony, B.J., Mersky, A.F., Ahearn, M.B., Kellam, S.G. & Eaton, W.W. (1988, October). Structure of attention and epidemiology of its dysfunction in children. 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