{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:29:34Z","timestamp":1777894174133,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":3,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]],"date-time":"1995-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":812505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Liberatory theory, related to critical theory, postmodern thought, and constructivism, forms the backdrop of this article, which suggests that the way in which we have conceptualized students with disabilities as the \u201cother\u201d has come from a distorted modernist view that encourages us to distance ourselves from one another. It is suggested that some of our most vehement debates in special education are indicative of our attempts to \u201cnibble at the edges of postmodern thinking.\u201d Liberatory pedagogies developed throughout the world have used education as a means for oppressed peoples to define for themselves their situations and to define action that will be liberating. Thus liberation pedagogy calls on even more action from students or participants than constructivism. Here we are called on to apply these principles to analyze our field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949502800801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T02:27:07Z","timestamp":1230085627000},"page":"458-467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Liberatory Pedagogy and Special Education"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"William C.","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"William C. Rhodes is distinguished Visiting Professor in Special Education, University of South Florida, where he works in the field of postmodern theories and research. He mentors and supervises doctoral students who write, conduct studies, or develop research within the new scientific paradigm and postmodern thought. His major publications have been in behavioral disorders, such as the 6-volume series, Studies in Child Variance. Address: William C. Rhodes, 378 Tennessee Ave., Crystal Beach, FL 34681."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"One-dimensional man.","author":"Marcuse, H.","year":"1968"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/11168-000"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Separate and unequal. (1993, December 13).\n                      U.S. News and World Report."}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949502800801","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949502800801","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:13:03Z","timestamp":1777619583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002221949502800801"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]},"references-count":3,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002221949502800801"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002221949502800801","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]}}}