{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T10:53:05Z","timestamp":1780051985138,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,1]],"date-time":"1997-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":852076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"DOI":"10.1177\/002221949703000101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T02:27:07Z","timestamp":1230085627000},"page":"2-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Mathematics Education and Students with Learning Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Diane Pedrotty","family":"Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diane Pedrotty Rivera, PhD, Guest Editor is an assistant professor in the Department of Special Education at the University of Texas at Austin. Her research interests include instructional interventions and technology-related instruction for students with learning disabilities in general and special education settings. Address: Diane Pedrotty Rivera, The University of Texas, College of Education, Department of Special Education, Austin, TX 78712."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-762530-0.50025-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"330","article-title":"Peer tutoring in arithmetic for children with learning disabilities","volume":"57","author":"Beirne-Smith, M.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Beirne-Smith, M. (1991). Peer tutoring in arithmetic for children with learning disabilities. Exceptional Children, 57, 330\u2013337.","journal-title":"Exceptional Children"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510933"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510576"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Teaching mathematics to students with learning disabilities.","author":"Bley, N. S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bley, N. S., & Thornton, C. A. (1995). Teaching mathematics to students with learning disabilities. Austin, TX: PRO-ED."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Taxonomy of educational objectives.","author":"Bloom, B. S.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Bloom, B. S. (Ed.). (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives. New York: McKay."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440299305900608"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Videodisc instruction in fractions","volume":"9","author":"Carnine, D.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Carnine, D., Engelmann, S., Hofmeister, A., & Kelly, B. (1987). Videodisc instruction in fractions. Focus on Learning Problems in Mathematics, 9, (1), 31\u201352.","journal-title":"Focus on Learning Problems in Mathematics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"Notes from the national assessment: Problem solving","volume":"32","author":"Carpenter, T. P.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Carpenter, T. P., Coburn, T. G., Reyes, R. E., & Wilson, J. W. (1976). Notes from the national assessment: Problem solving. Mathematics Teacher, 32, 389\u2013393.","journal-title":"Mathematics Teacher"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Results from the second mathematics assessment of the national assessment of educational progress.","author":"Carpenter, T. P.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Carpenter, T. P., Corbitt, M. K., Kepner, H. S., Jr., Lindquist, M. M., & Reyes, R. E. (1981). Results from the second mathematics assessment of the national assessment of educational progress. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association","author":"Case, L. P.","unstructured":"Case, L. P., & Harris, K. R. (1988, April). Self-instructional strategy training: Improving mathematical problem solving skills of learning disabled students. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002246699202600101"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004005999202400209"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948902200409"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074193259201300302"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510360"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/749161"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948802100610"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Adopted statement at CBMS Council meeting.","author":"Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences. (1995, May). Adopted statement at CBMS Council meeting. Washington, DC: CBMS."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/749575"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074193259001100108"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"The use of a discrepancy formula with LD students","volume":"4","author":"Dangel, H. L.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dangel, H. L., & Ensminger, E. E. (1988). The use of a discrepancy formula with LD students. Learning Disabilities Focus, 4, (1), 24\u201331.","journal-title":"Learning Disabilities Focus"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"The mathematics report card: Are we measuring up?","author":"Dossey, J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dossey, J., Mullis, I., Lindquist, M., & Chambers, D. (1988). The mathematics report card: Are we measuring up? Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Research within reach: Secondary school mathematics.","author":"Driscoll, M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Driscoll, M. (1983). Research within reach: Secondary school mathematics. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510752"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510265"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","volume-title":"Integrating research on teaching and learning mathematics.","author":"Fennema, E.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fennema, E., Carpenter, T. P., & Lamon, S. J. (Eds.). (1988). Integrating research on teaching and learning mathematics. Albany: State University of New York Press."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"478","article-title":"The many faces of performance assessment","volume":"74","author":"Feuer, M. J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Feuer, M. J., & Fulton, K. (1993). The many faces of performance assessment. Phi Delta Kappan, 74, (6), 478","journal-title":"Phi Delta Kappan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948401700105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440298405100204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948902200907"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.1989.12085405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.1990.12087335"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312028003617"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Psychological principles in system development.","author":"Gagn\u00e9, R. M.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Gagn\u00e9, R. M. (Ed.). (1962). Psychological principles in system development. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0748763870030102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510801"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-0965(90)90065-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.114.2.345"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074193258700800610"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","volume-title":"Children's arithmetic: How they learn it and how you teach it","author":"Ginsburg, H. P.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ginsburg, H. P. (1989). Children's arithmetic: How they learn it and how you teach it (2nd ed.). Austin, TX: PRO-ED.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016264349001000301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","volume-title":"Task variables in mathematical problem solving.","author":"Goldin, G. A.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Goldin, G. A., & McClintock, C. E. (Eds.). (1984). Task variables in mathematical problem solving. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532690xci0503_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","volume-title":"The DLD competencies for teachers of students with learning disabilities.","author":"Graves, A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Graves, A., Landers, M. F., Lokerson, J., Luchow, J., Horvath, M., & Garnett, K. (1992). The DLD competencies for teachers of students with learning disabilities. Reston, VA: Division for Learning Disabilities, Council for Exceptional Children."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Assessing the abilities and instructional needs of students.","author":"Hammill, D. D.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hammill, D. D. (Ed.). (1987). Assessing the abilities and instructional needs of students. Austin, TX: PRO-ED."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"The effects of the Interactive Unit on the computation skills of students with learning disabilities and students with mild cognitive impairments","volume":"4","author":"Harding, D.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Harding, D., Gust, A. M., Goldhawk, S. L., & Bierman, M. M. (1993). The effects of the Interactive Unit on the computation skills of students with learning disabilities and students with mild cognitive impairments. Learning Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 4, (2), 53\u201365.","journal-title":"Learning Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Les vari\u00e9ti\u00e9s clinique des acalculies au cours des l\u00e9sions r\u00e9trorolandiques: Approche statistique du probl\u00e8me [The clinical varieties of the acalculies in retrorolandic lesions: A statistical approach to the problem]","volume":"105","author":"H\u00e9caen, H.","year":"1961","unstructured":"H\u00e9caen, H., Angelergues, R., & Houillier, S. (1961). Les vari\u00e9ti\u00e9s clinique des acalculies au cours des l\u00e9sions r\u00e9trorolandiques: Approche statistique du probl\u00e8me [The clinical varieties of the acalculies in retrorolandic lesions: A statistical approach to the problem]. Revue Neurologique, 105, 85\u2013103.","journal-title":"Revue Neurologique"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074193259301400603"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948702000606"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074193259301400605"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1511158"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/749573"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","volume-title":"Workforce 2000: Work and workers for the twenty-first century.","author":"Johnston, W. B.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Johnston, W. B., & Packers, A. E. (1987). Workforce 2000: Work and workers for the twenty-first century. Indianapolis: Hudson Insitute."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948501800603"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"A peer tutored instructional management program in computational mathematics for incarcerated learning disabled juvenile delinquents","volume":"13","author":"Kane, B. J.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kane, B. J., & Alley, G. R. (1980). A peer tutored instructional management program in computational mathematics for incarcerated learning disabled juvenile delinquents. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 13, 39\u201342.","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016264348600800202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949002300108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/749574"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Handbook for research on mathematics teaching and learning","author":"Kilpatrick, J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kilpatrick, J. (1992). A history of research in mathematics education. In D. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook for research on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 3\u201338). New York: Macmillan."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221947400700309"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Computer-assisted instruction with constant time delay to teach multiplication facts to students with learning disabilities","volume":"8","author":"Koscinski, S. T.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Koscinski, S. T., & Gast, D. L. (1993). Computer-assisted instruction with constant time delay to teach multiplication facts to students with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 8, (3), 157\u2013168.","journal-title":"Learning Disabilities Research & Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440298305000107"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_64_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"A survey of ten years of academic intervention research with learning disabled students: Implications for research and practice","volume":"4","author":"Lessen, E.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lessen, E., Dudzinski, M., Karsh, K., & Van Acker, R. (1989). A survey of ten years of academic intervention research with learning disabled students: Implications for research and practice. Learning Disabilities Focus, 4, (2), 106\u2013122.","journal-title":"Learning Disabilities Focus"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/749578"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_66_1","volume-title":"Mathematical problem solving: Issues in research.","author":"Lester, F. K., Jr.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lester, F. K., Jr., & Garofalo, J. (Eds.). (1982). Mathematical problem solving: Issues in research. Philadelphia: Franklin Institute Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5951\/AT.31.4.0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1511005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_69_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Improving a student's arithmetic performance using feedback and reinforcement procedures","volume":"3","author":"Luiselli, J. K.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Luiselli, J. K., & Downing, J. N. (1980). Improving a student's arithmetic performance using feedback and reinforcement procedures. Education and Treatment of Children, 3, 45\u201349.","journal-title":"Education and Treatment of Children"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002246698702100309"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_71_1","volume-title":"An arithmetic problem solving model based on a plan for steps to solution, mastery learning, and calculator use in a resource room setting for learning disabled students.","author":"Marzola, E.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Marzola, E. (1985). An arithmetic problem solving model based on a plan for steps to solution, mastery learning, and calculator use in a resource room setting for learning disabled students. New York: Columbia University Teachers College."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/093889829100600205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510516"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_74_1","volume-title":"The underachieving curriculum: Assessing U.S. school mathematics from an international perspective.","author":"McKnight, C.","year":"1987","unstructured":"McKnight, C., Crosswhite, F., Dossey, J., Kifer, E., Swafford, J., Travers, K., & Cooney, T. (1987). The underachieving curriculum: Assessing U.S. school mathematics from an international perspective. Champaign, IL: Stipes."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510297"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_76_1","volume-title":"Assessing special students.","author":"McLoughlin, J. A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"McLoughlin, J. A., & Lewis, R. B. (1990). Assessing special students. New York: Macmillan."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074193259301400604"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074193259201300303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/105345129302900204"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949202500404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1511157"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948601900107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_83_1","volume-title":"A nation at risk: The imperative for education reform.","author":"National Commission on Excellence in Education.","unstructured":"National Commission on Excellence in Education. A nation at risk: The imperative for education reform. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_84_1","volume-title":"Twelve components of essential mathematics.","author":"National Council of Supervisors of Mathematics.","year":"1988","unstructured":"National Council of Supervisors of Mathematics. (1988). Twelve components of essential mathematics. Minneapolis: Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_85_1","volume-title":"An agenda for action.","author":"National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.","year":"1980","unstructured":"National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (1980). An agenda for action. Reston, VA: Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_86_1","volume-title":"Curriculum and evaluation standards for school mathematics.","author":"National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.","year":"1989","unstructured":"National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (1989). Curriculum and evaluation standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA: Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_87_1","volume-title":"Professional standards for teaching mathematics.","author":"National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.","year":"1991","unstructured":"National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (1991). Professional standards for teaching mathematics. Reston, VA: Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_88_1","volume-title":"Everybody counts\u2014A report to the nation on the future of mathematics education.","author":"National Research Council.","year":"1989","unstructured":"National Research Council. (1989). Everybody counts\u2014A report to the nation on the future of mathematics education. Washington, DC: National Academy."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_89_1","volume-title":"Educating Americans for the 21st century.","author":"National Science Board Commission.","year":"1983","unstructured":"National Science Board Commission. (1983). Educating Americans for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_90_1","volume-title":"Technology and the American transition.","author":"Office of Technology Assessment.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Office of Technology Assessment. (1988). Technology and the American transition. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153450849201700401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440299606200503"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_93_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Teaching learning disabled students place value using the concrete to abstract sequence","volume":"4","author":"Peterson, S. K.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Peterson, S. K., Mercer, C. D., & O'Shea, L. (1988). Teaching learning disabled students place value using the concrete to abstract sequence. Learning Disabilities Research, 4, (1), 52\u201356.","journal-title":"Learning Disabilities Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_94_1","first-page":"148","article-title":"Combining classwide curriculum-based measurement and peer tutoring to help general educators provide adaptive education","volume":"8","author":"Phillips, N. B.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Phillips, N. B., Hamlett, C. L., Fuchs, L. S., & Fuchs, D. (1993). Combining classwide curriculum-based measurement and peer tutoring to help general educators provide adaptive education. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 8, (3), 148\u2013156.","journal-title":"Learning Disabilities Research & Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/11168-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_96_1","volume-title":"Origins of intelligence in children.","author":"Piaget, J.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Piaget, J. (1963). Origins of intelligence in children. New York: Norton."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_97_1","volume-title":"The science of education and the psychology of the child.","author":"Piaget, J.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Piaget, J. (1970). The science of education and the psychology of the child. New York: Orion."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_98_1","volume-title":"Controversial issues confronting special education: Divergent perspectives","author":"Poplin, M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Poplin, M., Wiest, D., & Thorson, S. (1995). Alternative instructional strategies to reductionism: Constructive, multicultural, feminine and critical pedagogies. In W. Stainback & S. Stainback (Eds.), Controversial issues confronting special education: Divergent perspectives (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074193258500600508"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074193259301400606"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_101_1","volume-title":"The effects of computer-based instruction and fluency building techniques on the proficiency and accuracy of answering math facts by students with learning disabilities.","author":"Rivera, D. P.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rivera, D. P., Carter, A., & Smith, R. (1996). The effects of computer-based instruction and fluency building techniques on the proficiency and accuracy of answering math facts by students with learning disabilities. Unpublished manuscript."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510756"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948802100203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_104_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"A review of current trends in mathematics assessment for students with mild disabilities","volume":"20","author":"Rivera, D. P.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rivera, D. P., Taylor, R. L., & Bryant, B. R. (1994\u201395). A review of current trends in mathematics assessment for students with mild disabilities. Diagnostique, 20, 143\u2013174.","journal-title":"Diagnostique"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_105_1","volume-title":"Cognitive-based methods for teaching mathematics to students with learning problems.","author":"Scheid, K.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Scheid, K. (1990). Cognitive-based methods for teaching mathematics to students with learning problems. Columbus, OH: Information Center for Special Education Media and Materials."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_106_1","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Mathematical problem solving: Issues in research","author":"Schoenfeld, A. H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Schoenfeld, A. H. (1982). Some thoughts on problem-solving research and mathematics education. In F. K. Lester & J. Garofalo (Eds.), Mathematical problem solving: Issues in research (pp. 27\u201337). Philadelphia: Franklin Institute."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_107_1","volume-title":"Mathematical problem solving.","author":"Schoenfeld, A. H.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Schoenfeld, A. H. (1985). Mathematical problem solving. Orlando, FL: Academic Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/749581"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002246698501900307"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.78.3.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_111_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Relational understanding and instrumental understanding","volume":"77","author":"Skemp, R. R.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Skemp, R. R. (1976). Relational understanding and instrumental understanding. Mathematics Teaching, 77, 20\u201326.","journal-title":"Mathematics Teaching"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_112_1","volume-title":"The technology of teaching.","author":"Skinner, B. F.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Skinner, B. F. (1968). The technology of teaching. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.76.5.813"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_114_1","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Behavior analysis: Areas of research and application","author":"Smith, D. D.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Smith, D. D., & Lovitt, T. C. (1975). The use of modeling techniques to influence the acquisition of computational arithmetic skills in learning-disabled children. In E. Ramp & G. Semb (Eds.), Behavior analysis: Areas of research and application (pp. 283\u2013308). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221947600900104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_116_1","first-page":"34","volume-title":"Problem solving in school mathematics","author":"Suydam, M. N.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Suydam, M. N. (1980). Untangling clues from research on problem solving. In S. Krulik (Ed.), Problem solving in school mathematics (pp. 34\u201350). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510263"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_118_1","volume-title":"Making the grade.","author":"Twentieth Century Fund","year":"1983","unstructured":"Twentieth Century Fund. (1983). Making the grade. New York: Author."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_119_1","volume-title":"Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes.","author":"Vygotsky, L.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_120_1","volume-title":"The school programs and school performance of secondary students classified as learning disabled: Findings from the National Longitudinal Transition Study of Special Education Students.","author":"Wagner, M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wagner, M. (1990). The school programs and school performance of secondary students classified as learning disabled: Findings from the National Longitudinal Transition Study of Special Education Students. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153450849201800104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/748845"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949102400408"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_124_1","first-page":"444","article-title":"Critical issues that will determine the future of alternative assessment","volume":"74","author":"Worthern, B. R.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Worthern, B. R. (1993). Critical issues that will determine the future of alternative assessment. Phi Delta Kappan, 74, 444\u2013454.","journal-title":"Phi Delta Kappan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1511159"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949703000101","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949703000101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:13:56Z","timestamp":1777619636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002221949703000101"}},"subtitle":["Introduction to the Special Series"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002221949703000101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002221949703000101","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}}}