{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:30:57Z","timestamp":1777894257812,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]],"date-time":"1997-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":873072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A description of cognitive, academic, and personality characteristics of adults with learning disabilities (LD) referred for services through the state\/federal vocational rehabilitation system is presented. This study builds on the work of Minskoff, Hawks, Steidle, and Hoffmann (1989) and validates their conclusions that, as a group, adults with LD participating in vocational rehabilitation are homogeneous relative to other groups of adults with LD. By taking a neuropsychological approach to the assessment process, the current study further subdivided the assessment categories described by Minskoff et al. This approach assumes that the vocational competence of adults with learning disabilities may be better understood in terms of their visual and auditory perception; verbal and nonverbal reasoning; verbal and mixed (verbal\/nonverbal) learning; linguistic and nonlinguistic memory; semantic, expressive, and receptive language; basic and conceptual academic skills; and social and psychological adjustments. The data analyses identify several potential patterns of psychosocial and neuropsychological strengths and weaknesses that may be important in vocational rehabilitation efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949703000510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T02:27:07Z","timestamp":1230085627000},"page":"544-551","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Neuropsychological Approach to the Assessment of Adults with Learning Disabilities in Vocational Rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Michaels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Craig A. Michaels, PhD, is the director of the Research and Training Institute of the National Center for Disability Services in Albertson, New York."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Wayne","family":"Lazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J. Wayne Lazar, PhD, is a neuropsychologist at the Center for Neuropsychological Services of the Department of Neurology at North Shore University Hospital in Manhasset, New York."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald A.","family":"Risucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald A. Risucci, PhD, is president of Outcome Determinations, Inc., a consulting firm located in Jericho, New York, that specializes in statistical data analysis and program evaluation. The authors collaborated on a research and demonstration project to assist youth with severe learning disabilities in the transition from school to work. Address: Craig A. Michaels, Research and Training Institute, National Center for Disability Services, 201 I.U. Willets Road, Albertson, NY 11507."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Continuous performance test (CPT) computer program","author":"Conners, C. K.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Booklet categories test","author":"DeFilippis, N. A.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"California verbal learning test","author":"Delis, D. C.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/85.4.665"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Transition strategies for persons with learning disabilities","author":"Dowdy, C. A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Peabody picture vocabulary test-Revised","author":"Dunn, L. M.","year":"1981"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948301600906"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"The Gordon diagnostic system","author":"Gordon, M.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Test of adolescent and adult language","author":"Hammill, D. D.","year":"1994","edition":"3"},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"3","author":"LDA Newsbrief","year":"1994","journal-title":"LDA Newsbrief"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"Neuropsychological assessment","author":"Lezak, M. D.","year":"1995","edition":"3"},{"key":"atypb13","first-page":"395","volume-title":"Handbook of neuropsychology","author":"Mattis, S.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Haptic visual discrimination test","author":"McCarron, L.","year":"1979"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948601900410"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Disorders of personality DSM-III: Axis II","author":"Millon, T.","year":"1981"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Millon clinical multiaxial inventory","author":"Millon, T.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948902200816"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"A study of case processing issues and demographic characteristics of persons with learning disabilities being served in three state vocational rehabilitation agencies within Region III","author":"Rehabilitation Services Administration","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb20","author":"Rehabilitation Services Administration","year":"1985","journal-title":"Program Policy Directive"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"Neuropsychological validation of learning disability subtypes","author":"Rourke, B. P.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00915788"},{"key":"atypb23","first-page":"455","volume-title":"Clinical syndromes in adult neuropsychology: The practitioner's handbook","author":"Rourke, B. P.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb24","volume-title":"Clinical evaluation of language fundamentals-Revised","author":"Semel, E.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb25","volume-title":"Clinical evaluation of language functions","author":"Semel-Mintz, E.","year":"1980"},{"key":"atypb26","volume-title":"Neurosensory center comprehensive examination for aphasia","author":"Spreen, O.","year":"1965"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"Field investigation and evaluation of learning disabilities (Vol. 3)","author":"Szuhay, J. A.","year":"1980"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"A comprehensive vocational service model for persons with specific learning disabilities","author":"Vocational Rehabilitation Center of Allegheny County","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.1945.9917223"},{"key":"atypb30","volume-title":"WAIS-R manual","author":"Wechsler, D.","year":"1981"},{"key":"atypb31","volume-title":"Woodcock-Johnson psycho-educational battery","author":"Woodcock, R. W.","year":"1977"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949703000510","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949703000510","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:14:22Z","timestamp":1777619662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002221949703000510"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002221949703000510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002221949703000510","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,9]]}}}