{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:30:51Z","timestamp":1777894251633,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]],"date-time":"1998-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":904608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hawaii uses the Stanford Achievement Test, 8th Edition (Stanford 8), to assess the academic performance of students in Grades 3, 6, 8, and 10. Three longitudinal cohorts were analyzed for achievement performance among Grades 3 to 6, 6 to 8, and 8 to 10. ANOVAs indicated significant differences in overall performance between nondisabled students and three high-incidence categories of students with disabilities (specific learning disability, emotional impairment, and mild mental retardation). Local subgroup norms were developed on the basis of Stanford 8 reading and mathematics results from 1992 to 1996 to supplement the national norms and provide an additional means of comparison to evaluate performance for these categories. The longitudinal cohorts of students with disabilities made greater gains in achievement from third to sixth grade than their national counterparts and cohort of nondisabled students in Hawaii. Between 8th and 10th grade, students with learning disabilities and emotional impairments made gains equal to or greater than their national counterparts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949803100506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T02:27:07Z","timestamp":1230085627000},"page":"482-493","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Performance of Students with Disabilities in a Norm-Referenced, Statewide Standardized Testing Program"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Sarah S.","family":"Gronna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Savah S. Gronna, ME, is a concurrent doctoral student in the Department of Educational Psychology and the Department of Special Education at the University of Hawaii. Her current interests include large scale assessment, student performance, and school effects on student achievement."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amelia A.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amelia A. Jenkins, PhD, is an assistant professor in special education at the University of Hawaii. Her current interests include teaching practices for individuals with disabilities, assessment, and teacher preparation."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selvin A.","family":"Chin-Chance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Selvin A. Chin-Chance, PhD, is administrator of the testing office in the Hawaii Department of Education. His current interests include large-scale assessment, multicultural assessment, and computer database applications. Address: Sarah S. Gronna, Hawaii Department of Education, Test Development Section, 3430 Leahi Ave., Building D, I St Floor, Honolulu, HI 96815 (e-mail: gronna@hawaii. edu)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Views on inclusion and testing accommodations for students with disabilities","author":"Algozzine, B.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Americans With Disabilities Act of (1990), 42 U.S.C.A. \u00a7 12101\n                      et seq."},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"The status of state assessment programs in the United States","author":"Bond, L. A.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Hawaii public school students' results on the Stanford Achievement Test: A followup to the Native Hawaiian Educational Assessment Project Final Report (Office of Program Evaluation and Planning Report No. 84\u201385: 18)","author":"Brandon, P.","year":"1984"},{"issue":"1","key":"atypb5","first-page":"18","volume":"26","author":"Brandon, P. R.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Zentralblatt f\u00fcr Didaktik der Mathematik"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"98","volume-title":"Equity in mathematics education: Influences on feminism and culture","author":"Brandon, P. R.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312024003437"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"52","volume":"4","author":"Brown, L.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Remedial and Special Education"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Chin-Chance, S. A., Gronna, S. S. & Jenkins, A. A. (1996a, March).\n                      Assessing special education students in a norm referenced statewide testing program: Hawaii State Department of Education.\n                      Paper presented at the Council of Chief State School Officers State Collaborative on Assessment and Student Standards Assessing Special Education Students Consortium, Washington, DC."},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Chin-Chance, S. A., Gronna, S. S. & Jenkins, A. A. (1996b, June).\n                      Who are we assessing? Determining participation rates for students with disabilities in a norm referenced statewide testing program: Hawaii State Department of Education.\n                      Paper presented at the Council of Chief State School Officers State Collaborative on Assessment and Student Standards Assessing Special Education Students Consortium, Minneapolis, MN."},{"key":"atypb11","first-page":"26","volume":"54","author":"Crouse, J.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Educational Digest"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-3992.1994.tb00445.x"},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"Goals 2000: Educate America Act of 1994, Pub. L. No. 103\u2013227, 108 Stat. 125 (1995)."},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"Gronna, S. S., Jenkins, A. A. & Chin-Chance, S. A. (1997, March).\n                      Creating local norms to evaluate students in a norm-referenced statewide testing program.\n                      Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago."},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Exceptional children: Introduction to special education.","author":"Hallahan, D. P.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Program standards and guidelines for special education and special services in Hawaii","author":"Hawaii Department of Education.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"State testing office statistics","author":"Hawaii Department of Education.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"The Superintendent's sixth annual report on school performance and improvement in Hawaii","author":"Hawaii Department of Education.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb19","first-page":"83","volume":"5","author":"Heim, M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Kamehameha Journal of Education"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949502800301"},{"key":"atypb21","unstructured":"Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of (1990, 20 U.S.C.A. \u00a7 1400\u20131485."},{"key":"atypb22","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Views on inclusion and testing accommodations for students with disabilities","author":"Koehler, P. H.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"McGrew, K. S. & Thurlow, M. L. (1996, January).\n                      Research questions on accommodations for students with disabilities in large-scale assessment programs.\n                      Paper presented at the Council of Chief State School Officers State Collaborative on Assessment and Student Standards Assessing Special Education Students Consortium, Tampa, FL."},{"key":"atypb24","volume-title":"Microsoft Office for Windows 95 (Version 7.0) [Computer software]","author":"Microsoft Corporation.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb25","volume-title":"State special education outcomes: A report on state activities in the assessment of educational outcomes for students with disabilities.","author":"National Center for Educational Outcomes.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949202500502"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"Educational measurement and evaluation","author":"Nunnally, J. C.","year":"1972","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"Assessment in special education: An applied approach","author":"Overton, T.","year":"1996","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb29","first-page":"221","volume-title":"Educational measurement","author":"Petersen, N. S.","year":"1989","edition":"3"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324818ame0702_1"},{"key":"atypb31","volume-title":"All students, same test, same standards: What the new Title 1 legislation will mean for the educational assessment of special education students","author":"Phillips, S. E.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17763\/haer.66.1.h6l5048817g24m05"},{"key":"atypb33","volume-title":"The Stanford achievement test","author":"The Psychological Corporation.","year":"1992","edition":"8"},{"key":"atypb34","volume-title":"Stanford Achievement Test Series: Technical data report","author":"The Psychological Corporation.","year":"1992","edition":"8"},{"key":"atypb35","unstructured":"Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 29 U. S. C. \u00a7 794, \u00a7 504."},{"key":"atypb36","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Views on inclusion and testing accommodations for students with disabilities","author":"Reschly, D. J.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb37","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Views on inclusion and testing accommodations for students with disabilities","author":"Reynolds, M.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb38","volume-title":"Principles of educational and psychological measurement and evaluation","author":"Sax, G.","year":"1997","edition":"4"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949002300702"},{"key":"atypb40","volume-title":"SPSS for Windows 95. (Version 7.0) [Computer software]","author":"SPSS Inc.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb41","unstructured":"Thurlow, M. L., Erickson, R. & Danielson, L. C. (1996, April).\n                      Future directions in research and practice: Results for special education.\n                      Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the Council for Exceptional Children, Orlando, FL."},{"key":"atypb42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074193259501600502"},{"key":"atypb43","first-page":"3","volume-title":"CEC. Today","author":"Voyles, L C.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb44","volume-title":"Educational assessment of learning problems: Testing for teaching","author":"Wallace, G.","year":"1992","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb45","first-page":"79","author":"What is Goals","year":"2000","journal-title":"Teaching Exceptional Children"},{"key":"atypb46","unstructured":"Ysseldyke, J. E. (1996, January).\n                      Issues in including students with disabilities in statewide assessment and accountability systems.\n                      Paper presented at the Council of Chief State School Officers State Collaborative on Assessment and Student Standards Assessing Special Education Students Consortium, Tampa, FL."},{"key":"atypb47","volume-title":"Views on inclusion and testing accommodations for students with disabilities","author":"Ysseldyke, J. 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