{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:31:10Z","timestamp":1777894270559,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]],"date-time":"1998-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":904608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, many special education policymakers, researchers, and practitioners are questioning the efficacy of pull-out programs for students with disabilities and advocating service delivery in inclusive or general education settings at both the elementary and the secondary level. I investigated the implementation of a collaborative teaching model in a suburban high school to determine how this move toward inclusive education benefited teachers and students. Through examination of the \u201cups and downs\u201d of a U.S. History teacher, I concluded that replicating and sustaining collaborative teaching can be difficult and complex and, without careful consideration of contextual variables, may not lead to improved outcomes for either teachers or students. Implications for research and practice are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949803100508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T02:27:07Z","timestamp":1230085627000},"page":"503-513","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["False Starts and Other Dilemmas of a Secondary General Education Collaborative Teacher"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Stanley C.","family":"Trent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanley C. Trent, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Curriculum, Instruction, and Special Education at the University of Virginia. His current interests include the study of the implementation of inclusive education models in urban settings and multicultural teacher education. Address: Stanley C. Trent, University of Virginia, 405 Enmet St., Charlottesville, VA 22903."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"atypb1","first-page":"33","volume":"52","author":"Baker, E. T.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Educational Leadership"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002246699502900207"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"With an eye on the mathematical horizon: Dilemmas of teaching elementary school mathematics.","author":"Ball, D.","year":"1990"},{"issue":"4","key":"atypb4","first-page":"4","volume":"52","author":"Barry, A. L.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Educational Leadership"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Cooperative teaching: Rebuilding the schoolhouse for all students","author":"Bauwens, J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Mainstreaming: Controversy and consensus","author":"Bradfield, R. H.","year":"1976"},{"issue":"4","key":"atypb7","first-page":"441","volume":"16","author":"Englert, C. S.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Education and Treatment of Children"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Erchul, W. P. (1993, April).\n                      Question #2: Is collaborative consultation non-directive?\n                      Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the Council for Exceptional Children, San Antonio, TX."},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440299406000402"},{"issue":"4","key":"atypb10","first-page":"22","volume":"52","author":"Fuchs, D.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Educational Leadership"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"The new meaning of educational change.","author":"Fullan, M.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"Change forces: Probing the depths of educational reform.","author":"Fullan, M.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"Garcia, E. (1996, January).\n                      Of roots and wings: A research agenda for the study of diversity in US schools.\n                      Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Holmes Partnership, Washington, DC."},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"The discovery of grounded theory.","author":"Glaser, B. G.","year":"1967"},{"key":"atypb15","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Handbook of qualitative research","author":"Guba, E. G.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Changing teachers, changing times: Teachers' work and culture in the postmodern age.","author":"Hargreaves, A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb17","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Teachers' work: Individuals, colleagues, and contexts","author":"Huberman, M.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Collaborative consultation.","author":"Idol, L.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949402701001"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-762530-0.50022-9"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X021006005"},{"issue":"9","key":"atypb22","first-page":"673","volume":"73","author":"Lieberman, A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Phi Delta Kappan"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-1767(85)90062-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1177\/016146819009100403","volume":"91","author":"Little, J. W.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Teachers College Record"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074193259001100311"},{"key":"atypb26","volume-title":"Realizing new learning for all students: A framework for the professional development of Kentucky teachers.","author":"McDiarmid, G. W.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"Qualitative data analysis: A sourcebook of new methods.","author":"Miles, M. B.","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"Qualitative data analysis; An expanded sourcebook.","author":"Miles, M. B.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb29","volume-title":"Qualitative evaluation and research methods.","author":"Patton, M. Q.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb30","unstructured":"Roth, K. (1993).\n                      Beyond cooperative learning: Supporting small group discussions in science.\n                      Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, Atlanta, GA."},{"key":"atypb31","volume-title":"The predictable failure of educational reform: Can we change course before it's too late?","author":"Sarason, S. B.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb32","volume-title":"Human services and resource networks.","author":"Sarason, S. B.","year":"1977"},{"issue":"4","key":"atypb33","first-page":"50","volume":"52","author":"Schumaker, J. B.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Educational Leadership"},{"key":"atypb34","volume-title":"The sentence writing strategy.","author":"Schumaker, J. B.","year":"1985"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1047621920040205"},{"key":"atypb36","volume-title":"Collaboration between special educators and regular educators: A cross-case analysis.","author":"Trent, S. C.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb37","unstructured":"Trent, S. C. (1994, February).\n                      Creating effective partnerships between general educators and special educators: The importance of social networks.\n                      Paper presented at the Pacific Coast Research Conference, La Jolla, CA."},{"key":"atypb38","volume-title":"Creating and sustaining a special education\/general education partnership. A story of evolution, change, and uncertainty.","author":"Trent, S. C.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb39","first-page":"121","volume-title":"What is a case? The foundations of social inquiry","author":"Walton, J.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948902200903"},{"issue":"8","key":"atypb41","first-page":"19","volume":"24","author":"Wilson, S.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Educational Leadership"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949803100508","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949803100508","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:14:53Z","timestamp":1777619693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002221949803100508"}},"subtitle":["A Case Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002221949803100508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002221949803100508","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]}}}