{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:31:19Z","timestamp":1777894279952,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]],"date-time":"1999-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":936144000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>If the field of cognitive psychology is to avoid the use of introspective methods, it must focus on the objective norms or rules for correct performance of cognitive tasks and not on subjective processes. In this manner, the cognitive approach will be more logical than empirical. Cognitive psychology alone is not able to answer the question \"Why is it that some people have difficulty following some of the cognitive norms or rules?\" Behaviorism and connectionism can make more important contributions here. In the treatment of dyslexia, emphasis must be placed on the fact that reading is a skill that requires both automatization and awareness. To have a flexible and functional combination of these, we must borrow from cognitive psychology, connectionism, and behaviorism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949903200504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,14]],"date-time":"2007-12-14T00:52:20Z","timestamp":1197593540000},"page":"386-393","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Options and Limitations of the Cognitive Psychological Approach to the Treatment of Dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Finn Egil","family":"T\u00f8nnessen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Reading Research, Stavanger College, PO Box 2504 Ullandhaug, N-4004 Stavanger, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Reading problems: Consultation and remediation","author":"Aaron, P.G.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Beginning to read: Thinking and learning about print","author":"Adams, M.J.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Battig, W. 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