{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T07:01:08Z","timestamp":1780556468624,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]],"date-time":"1999-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":936144000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the effects of training in phonological awareness on kindergarten children. Comparisons of children at risk (i.e., children with initially low levels of metalinguistic ability) with initially average and advanced children revealed that training gains were similar for all of these groups. Furthermore, training had comparable long-term effects on reading and spelling in Grades 1 and 2 for each group. In fact, the trained children at risk showed better reading and spelling performance than a randomly selected control group. Although considerable individual differences in training effectiveness were found within the group of at-risk children, there was clear evidence that the training program substantially reduced the risk of becoming dyslexic in school.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949903200508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,14]],"date-time":"2007-12-14T00:52:20Z","timestamp":1197593540000},"page":"429-436","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Kindergarten Prevention of Dyslexia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Worzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ennemoser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W\u00fcrzburg University's Clinic for Child and Youth Psychiatry"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"K\u00fcspert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1598\/RRQ.26.1.3"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"Borstrom, I. & Elbro, C. (1997). Prevention of dyslexia in kindergarten: Effects of phoneme awareness training with children of dyslexic parents. In C. Hulme & M. Snowling (Eds.), Dyslexia: Biology, cognition and intervention (pp. 235-253). London: Whurr."},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.7194"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.87.3.488"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Phonological skills and learning to read","author":"Goswami, U.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131364"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"W\u00fcrzburger leise leseprobe [W\u00fcrzburg silent reading test]","author":"K\u00fcspert, P.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Lundberg, I. (1988). Preschool prevention of reading failure: Does training in phonological awareness work? In R. Masland & M. Masland (Eds.), Prevention of reading failure (pp. 163-176). 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Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Diagnostisches rechtschreibtest f\u00fcr 2 klassen [Diagnostic spelling test for Grade 2]","author":"M\u00fceller, R.","year":"1982"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1997.2384"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1598\/RRQ.21.4.1"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1996.0040"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.84.3.364"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949402700503"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.101.2.192"},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association","author":"Wagner, R."},{"key":"atypb23","volume-title":"Grundintelligenztest CFT1 [Culture fair intelligence test CFT 1]","author":"Weiss, R.","year":"1980"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949903200508","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949903200508","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:15:21Z","timestamp":1777619721000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002221949903200508"}},"subtitle":["Does Training in Phonological Awareness Work for Everybody?"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002221949903200508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002221949903200508","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]}}}