{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T18:29:54Z","timestamp":1784744994960,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]],"date-time":"1999-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":941414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Learn Disabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A national longitudinal database was used to compare the aspirations and attainment of individuals with and without learning disabilities (LD) 2 years after high school completion. Analyses revealed that individuals with LD reported lower graduation rates, were more likely to aspire to moderate- (men) or low-prestige (women) occupations, and were more likely to be employed and less likely to be enrolled in some type of postsecondary education program than their nondisabled peers. High educational aspirations in Grade 12 and successful completion of an academic or college-prep high school program were equally important in predicting 2-year postsecondary status for adolescents enrolled in postsecondary education regardless of disability status. However, depending on disability status, different predictors were identified for individuals who were either employed or out of the workforce. These results point to a continued need for transition planning and support for young adults with LD and suggest ways in which professionals can anticipate and adjust for identified differences in aspirations and postsecondary attainment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949903200606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,14]],"date-time":"2007-12-14T00:52:20Z","timestamp":1197593540000},"page":"533-552","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Occupational and Educational Aspirations and Attainment of Young Adults With and Without LD 2 Years After High School Completion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jay W.","family":"Rojewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Studies, University of Georgia, 210 Rivers' Crossing, Athens, GA 30602"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510698"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1511328"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Understanding log-linear analysis with ILOG: An interactive approach","author":"Bakeman, R.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Betz, N.E. (1993). Basic issues and concepts in career counseling for women. In W. B. Walsh & S. H. Osipow (Eds.), Career counseling for women (pp. 1-41). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"The career psychology of women","author":"Betz, N.E.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088572888500800103"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440299606200502"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/168781408903300303"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Butler-Nadin, P. & Wagner, M. (1991). Enrollment in postsecondary schools. In M. Wagner, L. Newman, & R. D'Amico (Eds.), Youth with disabilities: How are they doing? The first comprehensive report from the National Longitudinal Transition Study of special education students (Ch. 9, pp. 19-24). Menlo Park, CA: SRI International."},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen, J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"National Longitudinal Study of high school class of 1972. Reliability and validity of National Longitudinal Study measures: An empirical reliability analysis of selected data and a review of the literature on the validity and reliability of survey research questionnaires","author":"Conger, A.J.","year":"1976"},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Conger, A.J., Dunteman, S.S. & Dunteman, G.H. (1977). National Longitudinal Study of high school seniors, group profiles on self-esteem, locus of control, and life goals. Durham, NC: Research Triangle Institute, Center for Educational Research and Evaluation. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 151 395)"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-0045.1989.tb00831.x"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221948702000306"},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"D'Amico, R. (1991). The working world awaits: Employment experiences during and shortly after secondary school. In M. Wagner, L. Newman, & R. D'Amico (Eds.), Youth with disabilities: How are they doing? The first comprehensive report from the National Longitudinal Transition Study of special education students (Ch. 8, pp. 1-55). Menlo Park, CA: SRI International."},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"The early work experiences of youth with disabilities: Trends in employment rates and job characteristics","author":"D'Amico, R.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jvbe.1993.1045"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440298905600107"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949002300604"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949402700106"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440298705300610"},{"key":"atypb22","first-page":"264","volume":"58","author":"Fairweather, J.S.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exceptional Children"},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, L.F., Fassinger, R.E. & Betz, N.E. (1995). Theoretical advances in the study of women's career development. In W. B. Walsh & S. H. Osipow (Eds.), Handbook of vocational psychology: Theory, research, and practice (2nd ed., pp. 67-109). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949102400704"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-8791(81)90001-4"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-8791(84)90018-6"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510399"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"Sociology of work: Perspectives, analyses, and issues","author":"Hall, R.H.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb29","first-page":"170","volume":"9","author":"Haller, E.J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Education"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440299105800303"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949002300206"},{"key":"atypb32","unstructured":"Hotchkiss, L. & Borow, H. (1996). Sociological perspectives on work and career development . In D. Brown & L. Brooks (Eds.), Career choice and development (3rd ed., pp. 281-334). San Francisco : Jossey-Bass."},{"key":"atypb33","volume-title":"Applied discriminant analysis","author":"Huberty, C.J.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481756.1989.12022925"},{"key":"atypb35","unstructured":"Huberty, C.J. & Wisenbaker, J.M. (1992). Discriminant analysis: Potential improvements in typical practice. In B. Thompson (Ed.), Advances in Social Science Methodology (Vol. 2, pp. 169-208). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press."},{"key":"atypb36","volume-title":"National educational longitudinal study of 1988. Second follow-up: Student component data file user's manual","author":"Ingels, S.J.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb37","unstructured":"Ingels, S.J. & Scott, L.A. (1993). Exclusion of students with barriers to participation in NELS: 88 \u2014Baseline excluded students two and four years later. Chicago: National Opinion Research Center . (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. 360 371)"},{"key":"atypb38","volume-title":"National education longitudinal study of 1988: First follow-up student component data file user's manual","author":"Ingels, S.J.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb39","unstructured":"Ingels, S.J., Scott, L.A., Rock, D., Pollack, J. & Rasinski, K. (1994). NELS:88 first follow-up final technical report . Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Educational Statistics . (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. 379 315)"},{"key":"atypb40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-8791(89)90015-8"},{"key":"atypb41","unstructured":"Kanouse, D.E., Haggerstrom, G.W., Blaschke, T.J., Kahan, J.P., Lisowski, W. & Morrison, P.A. (1980). Effects of postsecondary education on aspirations, attitudes, and self-conceptions. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corp. ( ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 214 430)"},{"key":"atypb42","unstructured":"Kaufman, P., Rasinski, K., Lee, R. & West, J. (1991). Quality of the responses of eighth-grade students in NELS:88. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Educational Statistics."},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000494418803200101"},{"key":"atypb44","volume-title":"Analyzing qualitative data: Log-linear analysis for behavioral research","author":"Kennedy, J.J.","year":"1992","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb45","volume-title":"A system of marker variables for the field of learning disabilities","author":"Keogh, B.K.","year":"1982"},{"key":"atypb46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412984843"},{"key":"atypb47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088572888901200211"},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/56.3.900"},{"key":"atypb49","unstructured":"Lent, R.W., Brown, S.D. & Hackett, G. (1996). Career development from a social cognitive perspective . In D. Brown & L. Brooks (Eds.), Career choice and development (3rd ed., pp. 423-475). San Francisco : Jossey-Bass."},{"key":"atypb50","volume-title":"Learning disabilities: Theories, diagnosis, and teaching strategies","author":"Lerner, J.W.","year":"1996","edition":"7"},{"key":"atypb51","unstructured":"Lyon, G.R. (1987). Learning disabilities research: False starts and broken promises. In S. Vaughn & C. S. Bos (Eds.), Research in learning disabilities: Issues and future directions (pp. 69-85). Austin, TX: PRO-ED."},{"key":"atypb52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.34.4.443"},{"key":"atypb53","volume-title":"Applied logistic regression analysis","author":"Menard, S.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb54","volume-title":"Transition strategies for persons with learning disabilities","author":"Michaels, C. A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/875687059401300110"},{"key":"atypb56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949002300605"},{"key":"atypb57","unstructured":"Mitchell, L.K. & Krumboltz, J.D. (1996). Krumboltz's learning theory of career choice and counseling. In D. Brown & L. Brooks (Eds.), Career choice and development (3rd ed., pp. 233-280). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass."},{"key":"atypb58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949302600501"},{"key":"atypb59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1511180"},{"key":"atypb60","volume-title":"U.S. Department of Education. Office of Educational Research and Improvement","author":"National Education Longitudinal Study: 1988-94 [CD-ROM database].","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440298905600310"},{"key":"atypb62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/105345128902500104"},{"key":"atypb63","unstructured":"Nichols, R.C. (1992). The national longitudinal studies: A window on the school-to-employment transition. In A. J. Paulter, Jr. (Ed.), High school to employment transition: Contemporary issues (pp. 49-60). Ann Arbor, MI: Prakken."},{"key":"atypb64","volume-title":"SPSS\/PC+ advanced statistics v2.0","author":"Norusis, M.J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb65","volume-title":"A guide to using NELS:88 data","author":"Owings, J.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949202500701"},{"key":"atypb67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rock, D.A. & Pollack, J.M. (1991). Psychometric report for the NELS:88 base year test battery. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. 334 241)","DOI":"10.1037\/e431652005-001"},{"key":"atypb68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088572889301600104"},{"key":"atypb69","unstructured":"Rojewski, J.W. (1994). Applying theories of career behavior to special populations: Implications for secondary vocational transition programming . In P. M. Retish (Ed.), Issues in special education and rehabilitation (Vol. 9, pp. 1-20). Tel Aviv, Israel: Haifu University."},{"key":"atypb70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1511251"},{"key":"atypb71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440299606200506"},{"key":"atypb72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327035ex0703_3"},{"key":"atypb73","volume-title":"Careers in a corporate hierarchy: A longitudinal analysis of earnings and level attainments","author":"Rosenbaum, J.E.","year":"1981"},{"key":"atypb74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400876136"},{"key":"atypb75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510566"},{"key":"atypb76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0092976"},{"key":"atypb77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0730888488015003006"},{"key":"atypb78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1510654"},{"key":"atypb79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sitlington, P.L., Frank, A.R. & Carson, R.R. (1994). Postsecondary vocational education\u2014Does it really make a difference? In P. M. Retish (Ed.), Issues in special education and rehabilitation (Vol. 9, pp. 89-100). Tel Aviv, Israel: Haifu University.","DOI":"10.1177\/875687059401300103"},{"key":"atypb80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949002300403"},{"key":"atypb81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-089X(85)90008-0"},{"key":"atypb82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-8345-1_15"},{"key":"atypb83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949002300111"},{"key":"atypb84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949202500703"},{"key":"atypb85","volume-title":"The secondary school programs of students with disabilities: A report from the National Longitudinal Transition Study of Special Education Students","author":"Wagner, M.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1602496"},{"key":"atypb87","volume-title":"What makes a difference? Influences on postschool outcomes of youth with disabilities","author":"Wagner, M.M.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/168781408903300302"},{"key":"atypb89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949402700502"},{"key":"atypb90","first-page":"50","volume":"1","author":"Zigmond, N.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Learning Disabilities Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of Learning Disabilities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949903200606","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002221949903200606","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:15:26Z","timestamp":1777619726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002221949903200606"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002221949903200606"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002221949903200606","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2194","1538-4780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2194","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-4780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]}}}