{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:27:13Z","timestamp":1790630833860,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,6]],"date-time":"2014-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415232000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lab Anim"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Social housing is recommended where possible for laboratory mice. In order to achieve this, mice must be individually identifiable. Although, various methods are available, permanent identification is often required, such as ear notching. This method is likely to be painful and to date there is limited literature on pain assessment and alleviation for this routine husbandry practice. Here we aimed to determine if the mouse grimace scale (MGS) could be used to assess pain in C57BL\/6 mice following routine ear notching. Langford et\u00a0al. found that very acute noxious stimuli (i.e.\u2009&lt;\u200910\u2009min in duration) did not produce a change in MGS score in comparison to baseline. Here, no significant difference was found between MGS scores at baseline and immediately post ear notching, potentially indicating that the pain associated with ear notching is either too acute to assess using the MGS tool or the practice is not painful. Studies in other species indicate that ear notching is painful, therefore, unless we can confidently conclude that the process of ear notching is not painful, we should err on the side of caution and assume it is painful due to the large number of mice ear-notched and potential welfare consequences. Alternative methods of assessing pain following this routine practice should be used in order to assess both the potential pain in mice, and the effectiveness of analgesics or local anaesthetics to relieve any associated pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677214559084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,7]],"date-time":"2014-11-07T04:56:36Z","timestamp":1415336196000},"page":"117-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Using the mouse grimace scale to assess pain associated with routine ear notching and the effect of analgesia in laboratory mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"AL","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Agriculture Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MC","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Agriculture Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0023677214559084","volume-title":"Annual statistics of scientific procedures on living animals. Great Britain 2012","author":"Home Office","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr2-0023677214559084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367798780559301"},{"key":"bibr3-0023677214559084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00039-2"},{"key":"bibr4-0023677214559084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.10.006"},{"key":"bibr5-0023677214559084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2010.09.006"},{"key":"bibr6-0023677214559084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1354"},{"key":"bibr7-0023677214559084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/la.2011.010113"},{"key":"bibr8-0023677214559084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.87.2262.420"},{"key":"bibr9-0023677214559084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BVAAWF\/FRAME\/RSPCA\/UFAW Joint Working Group on Refinement. Tissue biopsy collection for genotyping.\n                      Lab Anim\n                      2003; 37(Suppl. 1): 27\u201333.","DOI":"10.1258\/002367703766452877"},{"key":"bibr10-0023677214559084","first-page":"8","volume":"47","author":"Williams WO","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAALAS"},{"key":"bibr11-0023677214559084","volume-title":"Recognition and alleviation of pain in laboratory animals","author":"National Research Council","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr12-0023677214559084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1455"},{"key":"bibr13-0023677214559084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035656"},{"key":"bibr14-0023677214559084","first-page":"42","volume":"51","author":"Matsumiya LC","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAALAS"},{"key":"bibr15-0023677214559084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83150-6"},{"key":"bibr16-0023677214559084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367790780890121"},{"key":"bibr17-0023677214559084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2009.01160.x"},{"key":"bibr18-0023677214559084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044437"}],"container-title":["Laboratory Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0023677214559084","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0023677214559084","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0023677214559084","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:34:32Z","timestamp":1777620872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0023677214559084"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,6]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0023677214559084"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0023677214559084","relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-6772","1758-1117"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-6772","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1117","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,6]]}}}