{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:50:53Z","timestamp":1789627853603,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]],"date-time":"2015-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lab Anim"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To achieve reliable experimental data, the side-effects of anesthetics should be eliminated. Since anesthetics exert a variety of effects on hemodynamic data and incidence of arrhythmias, the selection of anesthetic agents in a myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury model is very important. The present study was performed to compare hemodynamic variables, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, and infarct size during 30\u2009min of ischemia and 120\u2009min of reperfusion in rats using pentobarbital, ketamine\u2013pentobarbital or ketamine\u2013xylazine anaesthesia. A total of 30 rats were randomly divided into three groups. In group P, pentobarbital (60\u2009mg\/kg, intraperitoneally [IP]) was used solely; in group K\u2013P, ketamine and pentobarbital (50 and 30\u2009mg\/kg, respectively, IP) were used in combination; and in group K\u2013X, ketamine and xylazine (75 and 5\u2009mg\/kg, respectively, IP) were also used in combination. Hemodynamic data and occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias were recorded throughout the experiments. The ischemic area was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The combination of ketamine\u2013xylazine caused bradycardia and hypotension. The greatest reduction in mean arterial blood pressure during ischemia was in the P group. The most stability in hemodynamic parameters during ischemia and reperfusion was in the K\u2013P group. The infarct size was significantly less in the K\u2013X group. Whereas none of the rats anesthetized with ketamine\u2013xylazine fibrillated during ischemia, ventricular fibrillation occurred in 57% of the animals anesthetized with pentobarbital or ketamine\u2013pentobarbital. Because it offers the most stable hemodynamic parameters, it is concluded that the ketamine\u2013pentobarbital anesthesia combination is the best anesthesia in a rat ischemia reperfusion injury model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677215597136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]],"date-time":"2015-07-29T21:59:49Z","timestamp":1438207189000},"page":"179-184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The effects of pentobarbital, ketamine\u2013pentobarbital and ketamine\u2013xylazine anesthesia in a rat myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Shahnaz","family":"Shekarforoush","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Fatahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Safari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0023677215597136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0b013e32834a6697"},{"key":"bibr2-0023677215597136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.86.248"},{"key":"bibr3-0023677215597136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/laban0709-234"},{"key":"bibr4-0023677215597136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/27.2.110"},{"key":"bibr5-0023677215597136","first-page":"253","volume":"55","author":"Shekarforoush S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chinese J Physiol"},{"key":"bibr6-0023677215597136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/22.7.447"},{"key":"bibr7-0023677215597136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/00236770460734425"},{"key":"bibr8-0023677215597136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1988.tb02777.x"},{"key":"bibr9-0023677215597136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004330050131"},{"key":"bibr10-0023677215597136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(82)90155-8"},{"key":"bibr11-0023677215597136","first-page":"35","volume":"8","author":"Atalan G","year":"2002","journal-title":"Veteriner Cerrahi Dergisi"},{"key":"bibr12-0023677215597136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1999.tb12907.x"},{"key":"bibr13-0023677215597136","first-page":"199","volume":"30","author":"Cale R","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"key":"bibr14-0023677215597136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2011.03.032"}],"container-title":["Laboratory Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0023677215597136","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0023677215597136","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0023677215597136","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:35:11Z","timestamp":1777620911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0023677215597136"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0023677215597136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0023677215597136","relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-6772","1758-1117"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-6772","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1117","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,29]]}}}