{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:42:50Z","timestamp":1777894970327,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]],"date-time":"2018-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lab Anim"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Few reports evaluate the clinical effects of opioids in sheep during experimental surgical procedures. Catecholamine-mediated haemodynamic changes resulting from surgical noxious stimulation are blunted by opioids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three opioid-based analgesic protocols in avoiding a 20% increase in heart rate (HR) and\/or mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) during experimental intervertebral disk nucleotomy in sheep. Eighteen female Brogna sheep were anaesthetized with propofol and maintained with a fixed end-tidal isoflurane concentration of 1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.1%. Sheep were assigned to one of three groups that intravenously received methadone 0.3\u2009mg\/kg (group M), fentanyl 2\u2009\u00b5g\/kg followed by 10\u2009\u00b5g\/kg\/h (group F), or buprenorphine 10\u2009\u00b5g\/kg and 30\u2009minutes later ketamine 1\u2009mg\/kg followed by 5\u2009mg\/kg\/h (group BK). Intravenous fentanyl at 2\u2009\u00b5g\/kg would have been used for rescue analgesia in case HR and\/or MAP had increased. During surgery, HR and MAP values did not increase over 20% in all groups. All animals maintained the percentage change between -4 and 7% for both variables; only one sheep in group BK had an increase in MAP superior to 20% after ketamine administration before surgical stimulation. In group M, HR decreased over time and in group BK, MAP tended to increase during surgery. All the opioid-based protocols tested were able to control the cardiovascular response to noxious stimulation in sheep undergoing spinal surgery, although ketamine may have represented a confounding factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677218815203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]],"date-time":"2018-11-28T00:50:25Z","timestamp":1543366225000},"page":"491-499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of three opioid-based analgesic protocols on the perioperative autonomic-mediated cardiovascular response in sheep"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7145-6115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Bellini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8422-6829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia Maria","family":"De Benedictis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 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