{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T03:33:47Z","timestamp":1784864027145,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lab Anim"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Alpha\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptor agonists (alpha\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -agonists) are useful sedative and analgesic agents in sheep, but have adverse pulmonary effects, which are reportedly similar between different alpha\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -agonists. This randomized crossover study compared pulmonary function after intravenous administration of an alpha\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -agonist, either xylazine or an equipotent dose of medetomidine in 34 female sheep anaesthetized twice. Pulmonary function was assessed using spirometry, volumetric capnography, arterial blood gas analysis 1 min prior to, and 5 and 10 min after administration of the allocated alpha 2 agonist drug. Pulmonary structural changes were subsequently assessed using computed tomography (CT). Tachypnoea or hypoxaemia prompted reversal with atipamezole and exclusion of data. Data were analysed for a fixed effect of drug using a mixed effect linear model with significance set at p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05. Ten sheep administered xylazine required atipamezole while none of sheep receiving medetomidine did. Xylazine produced significantly higher respiratory frequency, airway pressures, airway resistance and arterial carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and lower dynamic compliance, tidal volume, CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    elimination and end tidal CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    tension and arterial oxygen tension than medetomidine. This was associated with a significantly lower % of aerated tissue and higher % poorly and non-aerated tissue in CT images of sheep receiving xylazine versus medetomidine. In conclusion, xylazine administration produced marked decreases in pulmonary function, in ventilated isoflurane anaesthetized sheep, when compared to an equipotent dose of medetomidine when administered as an intravenous bolus supporting the use of medetomidine when alpha\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -agonists are required.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677220983366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T01:05:12Z","timestamp":1614474312000},"page":"443-452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparison of pulmonary function in isoflurane anaesthetized ventilated sheep (\n                    <i>Ovis aries<\/i>\n                    ) following administration of intravenous xylazine versus medetomidine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2417-6911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthea L","family":"Raisis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giselle L","family":"Hosgood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6430-6154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"K\u00e4stner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for small domestic animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5964-1687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabrielle C","family":"Musk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Care Services, The University of Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Medical Centre G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Mosing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2008.02.002"},{"key":"bibr2-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00391.2017"},{"key":"bibr3-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1986.tb00025.x"},{"key":"bibr4-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-JAALAS-19-000036"},{"key":"bibr5-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1996.tb10004.x"},{"key":"bibr6-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.2000.0439"},{"key":"bibr7-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(98)90030-3"},{"key":"bibr8-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.113.2.42"},{"key":"bibr9-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.1997.00097.x"},{"key":"bibr10-0023677220983366","first-page":"409","volume":"108","author":"K\u00e4stner SBR","year":"2001","journal-title":"DTSCH yierarztl Wschr"},{"key":"bibr11-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-2995.2000.00018-6.x"},{"key":"bibr12-0023677220983366","first-page":"712","volume":"289","author":"Celly CS","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Pharm Ther"},{"key":"bibr13-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10563"},{"key":"bibr14-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.10.019"},{"key":"bibr15-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.9.2103121"},{"key":"bibr16-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(84)90001-X"},{"key":"bibr17-0023677220983366","unstructured":"Raptopoulos D, Koutinas A, Moustardas N, et\u00a0al. The effect of xylazine or xylazine plus atropine on blood gases in sheep. In:\n                      Proceedings of the 2nd International Congress of Veterinary Anaesthesia, Sacramento, California, October 8\u201310, 1985. Santa Barbara\n                      , CA: Veterinary Practice Publishing Co. 1985, pp. 201\u2013202."},{"key":"bibr18-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01115.2004"},{"key":"bibr19-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181f0c2da"},{"key":"bibr20-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1496"},{"key":"bibr21-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02593"},{"key":"bibr22-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-005-2627-z"},{"key":"bibr23-0023677220983366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1995.56.05.629","volume":"56","author":"Ko JCH","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"}],"container-title":["Laboratory Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0023677220983366","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0023677220983366","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0023677220983366","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:40:09Z","timestamp":1777621209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0023677220983366"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0023677220983366"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0023677220983366","relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-6772","1758-1117"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-6772","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1117","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]]}}}