{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T03:30:45Z","timestamp":1778124645964,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Region Rhone Alpes Auvergne","award":["Doctoral fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Doctoral fellowship"]}]},{"name":"Fondation Gueules Cass\u00e9es","award":["FGC57-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FGC57-2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lab Anim"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a multifactorial injury process involving respiratory, cardiovascular and immune functions in addition to the brain. Thus, live animal models are needed to study the molecular, cellular and systemic mechanisms of TBI. The ethical use of laboratory animals requires that the benefits of approaches be carefully weighed against potential harm to animals. Welfare assessments adapted to severe TBI research are lacking. Here, we introduce a scoresheet to describe and monitor potential distress in animals, which includes general welfare (body weight, general appearance and spontaneous behaviour) and TBI-specific indices (respiratory function, pain, locomotor impairment, wound healing). Implementation of this scoresheet in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats subjected to severe lateral fluid percussion TBI revealed a period of suffering limited to four days, followed by a recovery to normal welfare scores within 10\u201315 days, with females showing a worse impact than males. The scores indicate that animal suffering in this model is transitory compared with TBI consequences in humans. The scoresheet allows for the implementation of refinement measures including (1) analgesia during the initial period following TBI and (2) humane endpoints set (30% weight loss, score \u226590 and\/or respiratory problems). This animal scoresheet tailored to TBI research provides a basis for further refinement of animal research paradigms aimed at understanding or treating the sequelae of severe TBI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00236772221107269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T02:22:02Z","timestamp":1660011722000},"page":"528-539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Animal welfare assessment after severe traumatic brain injury in rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e9lia","family":"Allioux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Team TIGER, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Bron, France"},{"name":"Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"La\u00ebtitia","family":"Achaintre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocampus Animal Housing, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, Bron, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Cheataini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team TIGER, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Bron, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baptiste","family":"Balan\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team TIGER, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Bron, France"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon, H\u00f4pital Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2712-6263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Marinesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team TIGER, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Bron, France"},{"name":"AniRA-BELIV Technological Platform, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, Bron, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.10.JNS17352"},{"key":"bibr2-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.22"},{"key":"bibr3-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666170613083606"},{"key":"bibr4-00236772221107269","first-page":"4","volume":"23","author":"Prasetyo E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Shock"},{"key":"bibr5-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1358"},{"key":"bibr6-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8564-7_3"},{"key":"bibr7-00236772221107269","unstructured":"Russell, WMS, Burch, RL.\n                      The principles of humane experimental technique\n                      . Methuen & Co Ltd.: London, UK, 1959."},{"key":"bibr8-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385103-1.00006-3"},{"key":"bibr9-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385103-1.00003-8"},{"key":"bibr10-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2021.763428"},{"key":"bibr11-00236772221107269","first-page":"1277","volume":"191","author":"Montgomery CA","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"bibr12-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.116.16.431"},{"key":"bibr13-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677216675010"},{"key":"bibr14-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3352"},{"key":"bibr15-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16657571"},{"key":"bibr16-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90247-9"},{"key":"bibr17-00236772221107269","unstructured":"Siddiqui BA, Kim PY. Anesthesia stages.\n                      StatPearls\n                      . Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing, 2022."},{"key":"bibr18-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.01.060"},{"key":"bibr19-00236772221107269","first-page":"55","volume":"7","author":"Sotocinal SG","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Pain"},{"key":"bibr20-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470942390.mo110217"},{"key":"bibr21-00236772221107269","first-page":"155","volume":"49","author":"Hickman DL","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"bibr22-00236772221107269","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2020. Vienna, Austria [Online]."},{"key":"bibr23-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1964.tb00553.x","volume":"26","author":"Box GEP","year":"1964","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B (Methodological)"},{"key":"bibr24-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"bibr25-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.257534"},{"key":"bibr26-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/56044"},{"key":"bibr27-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.06.067"},{"key":"bibr28-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6171"},{"key":"bibr29-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1179069519844020"},{"key":"bibr30-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2018.03.006"},{"key":"bibr31-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/089771501750451811"},{"key":"bibr32-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199211000-00002"},{"key":"bibr33-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4886(03)00389-3"},{"key":"bibr34-00236772221107269","first-page":"83","volume":"127","author":"Hughes PC","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"bibr35-00236772221107269","unstructured":"Eakin K, Rowe RK and Lifshitz J. Modeling fluid percussion injury: relevance to human traumatic brain injury. In: Kobeissy, FHP (ed).\n                      Brain neurotrauma: molecular, neuropsychological, and rehabilitation aspects\n                      , Boca Raton, FL: Frontiers in Neuroengineering, 2015, pp. 1\u201327."},{"key":"bibr36-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84882-128-6_43"},{"key":"bibr37-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2013.11.004"},{"key":"bibr38-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00274"},{"key":"bibr39-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23896"},{"key":"bibr40-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6261"},{"key":"bibr41-00236772221107269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.41.2.80"}],"container-title":["Laboratory Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00236772221107269","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00236772221107269","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00236772221107269","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:41:51Z","timestamp":1777621311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00236772221107269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00236772221107269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00236772221107269","relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-6772","1758-1117"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-6772","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1117","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]}}}