{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:37:18Z","timestamp":1779295038840,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lab Anim"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Assessing and alleviating pain in animals involved in research is critically important. However, the effective implementation of pain management depends on the knowledge and attitudes of the personnel involved. Following a Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations \u2018Pain in Mice\u2019 working group initiative, a questionnaire to survey current practices concerning analgesic use in laboratory mice was distributed to several professional groups in the field of laboratory animal science. Besides demographic data, attitudes to pain and analgesia and sources of information and advice on pain management were assessed. Data were gathered and analysed through an e-survey provider. Most respondents (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009222) were from Europe (90%). Analgesics were administered to murine surgical models by 92% of respondents in most cases and by 66% to all mice undergoing surgery. Most respondents used multimodal analgesic regimens (69%). For non-surgical models, 34% of respondents provided analgesics. The most commonly administered classes of analgesics were opioids (mostly buprenorphine) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (mostly meloxicam and carprofen). A wide range of dose rates of meloxicam and carprofen was reported. Local anaesthetics were also widely used in surgical models (mostly lidocaine). Pain assessment was undertaken by most respondents (98%). In conclusion, most respondents provided analgesics to mice undergoing surgery and used analgesics in some non-surgical models. A considerable variation in the dose range used and the timing of administration of analgesics likely reflects both a lack of data and variation in pain assessment methodologies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00236772241300779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T13:53:57Z","timestamp":1738158837000},"page":"396-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Current practices of pain assessment and analgesic use in laboratory mice: A 2022 FELASA Working Group survey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5436-5396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio A","family":"Gomez de Segura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"Seeldrayers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Animal Facilities, Maastricht University, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Flecknell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University, UK"},{"name":"Flaire Consultants Ltd, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","unstructured":"European Commission. Special Eurobarometer 442: Attitudes of Europeans towards animal welfare https:\/\/data.europa.eu\/data\/datasets\/s2096_84_4_442_eng?locale=en (2016 accessed 13th December 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-JAALAS-20-000063"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026119290503300207"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/la.2008.008020"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14573\/altex.1804011"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flecknell P. Analgesia and postoperative care. In: Laboratory animal anaesthesia and analgesia. 5th ed. London: Elsevier 2023 pp. 208\u2013211.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-818268-0.00017-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-JAALAS-20-000049"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.930005"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","first-page":"815","article-title":"Duration of action of sustained-release buprenorphine in 2 strains of mice","volume":"51","author":"Carbone ET","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carbone ET, Lindstrom KE, Diep S, et\u00a0al. Duration of action of sustained-release buprenorphine in 2 strains of mice. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2012; 51: 815\u2013819.","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","first-page":"193","article-title":"Antinociceptive effects of sustained-release buprenorphine in a model of incisional pain in rats (Rattus norvegicus)","volume":"53","author":"Chum HH","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chum HH, Jampachairsri K, McKeon GP, et\u00a0al. Antinociceptive effects of sustained-release buprenorphine in a model of incisional pain in rats (Rattus norvegicus). J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2014; 53: 193\u2013197.","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","first-page":"198","article-title":"Evaluation of a sustained-release formulation of buprenorphine for analgesia in rats","volume":"50","author":"Foley PL","year":"2011","unstructured":"Foley PL, Liang H, Crichlow AR. Evaluation of a sustained-release formulation of buprenorphine for analgesia in rats. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2011; 50: 198\u2013204.","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74230-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677214562849"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6.3.e34"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42826-021-00098-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","first-page":"552","article-title":"Factors influencing the postoperative use of analgesics in dogs and cats by Canadian veterinarians","volume":"37","author":"Dohoo SE","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dohoo SE, Dohoo IR. Factors influencing the postoperative use of analgesics in dogs and cats by Canadian veterinarians. Can Vet J 1996; 37: 552\u2013556.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.145.4.95"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327019eb0603_5"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmo.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-CM-19-000002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12706"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2020.172877"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367702320162423"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-200411000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"The magnitude and duration of the analgesic effect of morphine, butorphanol, and buprenorphine in rats and mice","volume":"39","author":"Gades NM","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gades NM, Danneman PJ, Wixson SK, et\u00a0al. The magnitude and duration of the analgesic effect of morphine, butorphanol, and buprenorphine in rats and mice. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci 2000; 39: 8\u201313.","journal-title":"Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"A comparison of two opioid analgesics for relief of visceral pain induced by intestinal resection in rats","volume":"40","author":"Gillingham MB","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gillingham MB, Clark MD, Dahly EM, et\u00a0al. A comparison of two opioid analgesics for relief of visceral pain induced by intestinal resection in rats. Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci 2001; 40: 21\u201326.","journal-title":"Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000061"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","first-page":"387","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic comparison of sustained-release and standard buprenorphine in mice","volume":"53","author":"Clark TS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clark TS, Clark DD, Hoyt RFJr. Pharmacokinetic comparison of sustained-release and standard buprenorphine in mice. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2014; 53: 387\u2013391.","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-JAALAS-21-000071"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","first-page":"42","article-title":"Using the Mouse Grimace Scale to reevaluate the efficacy of postoperative analgesics in laboratory mice","volume":"51","author":"Matsumiya LC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Matsumiya LC, Sorge RE, Sotocinal SG, et\u00a0al. Using the Mouse Grimace Scale to reevaluate the efficacy of postoperative analgesics in laboratory mice. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2012; 51: 42\u201349.","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035656"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-JAALAS-22-000064"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-JAALAS-19-000037"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.712"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/laban.1216"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","first-page":"466","article-title":"Effects of multimodal analgesia on the success of mouse embryo transfer surgery","volume":"50","author":"Parker JM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parker JM, Austin J, Wilkerson J, et\u00a0al. Effects of multimodal analgesia on the success of mouse embryo transfer surgery. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2011; 50: 466\u2013470.","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677213498717"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_2","first-page":"553","article-title":"Aqueous stability and oral pharmacokinetics of meloxicam and carprofen in male C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"52","author":"Ingrao JC","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ingrao JC, Johnson R, Tor E, et\u00a0al. Aqueous stability and oral pharmacokinetics of meloxicam and carprofen in male C57BL\/6 mice. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2013; 52: 553\u2013559.","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367707780378131"}],"container-title":["Laboratory Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00236772241300779","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00236772241300779","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00236772241300779","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:44:28Z","timestamp":1777621468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00236772241300779"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00236772241300779"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00236772241300779","relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-6772","1758-1117"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-6772","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1117","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]}}}