{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:13:27Z","timestamp":1790892807695,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lang Speech"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This tutorial paper introduces two approaches to modeling tongue contour data obtained with DeepLabCut using multivariate generalized additive models (MGAMs) and multivariate functional principal component analysis (MFPCA). For each method, we present a fully commented analysis of two illustrative data sets: VC coarticulation in Italian and Polish, and consonant emphaticness in Lebanese Arabic. All the materials (inlcuding data and code) are available in the research compendium of the tutorial at\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/stefanocoretta\/mv_uti\">https:\/\/github.com\/stefanocoretta\/mv_uti<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    . We conclude by discussing advantages and disadvantages of the two methods (MGAM and MFPCA) and we recommend researchers to prefer MFPCA over MGAM as an initial step for modeling tongue contours.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00238309261419120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T09:19:09Z","timestamp":1772270349000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multivariate Analyses of Tongue Contours from Ultrasound Tongue Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9627-5532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Coretta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3813-2669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georges","family":"Sakr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","unstructured":"Alorifi F. 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