{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:55:55Z","timestamp":1777895755818,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1976,7,1]],"date-time":"1976-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":205027200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lang Speech"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Psychodynamic theorists would predict that the verbal tics characterizing Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome should exhibit primitive syntax but complex semantics, while neurological considerations lead to an opposite expectation. A phrase structure grammar describing the tics and finite state grammars describing both the tics and the strings of tics observed in a patient suffering from the disease are presented. Zero- and one-limited grammars fail to describe adequately both tics and tic strings. However, a two-limited finite state grammar is presented which successfully generates the tics. Tics seem to vary in form independently of lexical environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002383097601900308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T01:31:45Z","timestamp":1498872705000},"page":"266-275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Grammar of the Tic in Gilles de La Tourette's Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Colin","family":"Martindale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1976,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","author":"Freud, S.","year":"1938","journal-title":"Basic Writings"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520333819-007","volume-title":"Linguistic types of aphasia","author":"Jakobson, R.","year":"1966"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01561841"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Paper presented at X International Congress of Neurology (Barcelona)","author":"Martindale, C."},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197309000-00006"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Some Aspects of Text Grammars (The Hague)","author":"Van Dijk, T.A.","year":"1972"},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"444","volume":"104","author":"Yngve, V.","year":"1960","journal-title":"Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc."}],"container-title":["Language and Speech"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002383097601900308","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002383097601900308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:04:36Z","timestamp":1777622676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002383097601900308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,7]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002383097601900308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002383097601900308","relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-8309","1756-6053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-8309","type":"print"},{"value":"1756-6053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,7]]}}}