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We discuss empirical research that indicates a significant difference between transgender identity in traditional (collectivist) and modern (individualist) societies. We suggest that this difference is due to a shift in the formation of gender identity away from gender roles and toward gender profiles. To substantiate this claim, we first outline a basic theoretical terminology of identity and gender. Then, we critically analyze the representation of gender, including transgender, in contemporary popular culture. Finally\u2014with a descriptive, but not therapeutic intention\u2014we discuss several case studies of identity formation of transgender people. We conclude that theoretical problems arising from historical shifts in gender identity formation, including transgender identity formation, are best conceptualized in terms of profilicity rather than in the still prevailing semantics of authenticity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00243639231184041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T02:50:42Z","timestamp":1690512642000},"page":"278-295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Transformation: From (Trans-)Gender Roles to Profiles"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Hans-Georg","family":"Moeller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Macau, Macau"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"D\u2019Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Modern Chinese Thought, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aglaja","family":"Stirn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General Medicine, Kiel University, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8699-2906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Ponseti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Kiel University, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00243639231184041","unstructured":"Always Jane. 2021.\n                      Tvdb\n                      . https:\/\/thetvdb.com\/series\/always-jane (June 20, 2022)."},{"key":"bibr2-00243639231184041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr3-00243639231184041","volume-title":"You and Your Profile: Identity after Authenticity","author":"Anonymous","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr5-00243639231184041","unstructured":"Bernstein Jacob. 2014. \u201cIn Their Own Terms.\u201d\n                      New York Times\n                      , March 13. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/03\/13\/fashion\/the-growing-transgender-presence-in-pop-culture.html (June 13, 2022)."},{"key":"bibr7-00243639231184041","unstructured":"Capatides Christina. 2021. \u201cTransgender Celebs You Need to Know.\u201d\n                      CBS News\n                      , July 21. https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/pictures\/transgender-celebrities-you-need-to-know\/ (June 21, 2022)."},{"key":"bibr8-00243639231184041","unstructured":"Compendio Chris. 2022. \u201c25 Transgender Celebrities Who Broke Barriers.\u201d\n                      Stacker\n                      . 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November 16. https:\/\/www.michigandaily.com\/tv\/always-jane-falls-short-of-its-potential\/ (June 20, 2022)."},{"key":"bibr14-00243639231184041","volume-title":"Culture\u2019s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations across Nations","author":"Hofstede Geert.","year":"2001","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr15-00243639231184041","unstructured":"Horton Adrian. 2021. \u201cIt\u2019s Not Just About Being Trans\u2019: Always Jane Is a Moving, Intimate Portrait of Late Adolescence.\u201d November 09. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/tv-and-radio\/2021\/nov\/09\/always-jane-amazon-transgender-coming-of-age?fbclid=IwAR07BdGyM5T00KEbkD1WAz52p7uEjFIPJyQJNuNnc_S-r2AezgBfXdlF2FI (20 June, 2022)."},{"key":"bibr16-00243639231184041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2019.1667429"},{"key":"bibr17-00243639231184041","unstructured":"Kasseem Dean; Bridges Christopher, Lanier Washington Algernod. 2021. \u201cNasty Girl.\u201d\n                      AZLyrics\n                      . https:\/\/www.azlyrics.com\/lyrics\/eve\/nastygirl.html (July 20, 2022)."},{"key":"bibr18-00243639231184041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-008-9420-3"},{"key":"bibr19-00243639231184041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-5182-2"},{"key":"bibr20-00243639231184041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6494.00120"},{"key":"bibr21-00243639231184041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202330"},{"key":"bibr22-00243639231184041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503619227"},{"key":"bibr23-00243639231184041","volume-title":"Theory of Society. 2 Volumes","author":"Luhmann Niklas."},{"key":"bibr24-00243639231184041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108652834"},{"key":"bibr25-00243639231184041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303578a"},{"key":"bibr26-00243639231184041","unstructured":"Nasty Girl. 2021.\n                      YouTube\n                      . https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=H605IhaMdzM&list=RDH605IhaMdzM&start_radio=1 (June 10, 2022)."},{"key":"bibr27-00243639231184041","unstructured":"Queens. 2022.\n                      Wikipedia\n                      . https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queens_(American_TV_series) (June 10, 2022)."},{"key":"bibr29-00243639231184041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110575149"},{"key":"bibr30-00243639231184041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvxrpz54"},{"key":"bibr31-00243639231184041","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2018.\n                      International Classification of Diseases: 11th Revision\n                      . https:\/\/icd.who.int\/en (June 20, 2022)."},{"key":"bibr32-00243639231184041","unstructured":"Yu Yi-Jin. 2021. \u201c\u2019Always Jane\u2019 Star Jane Noury on Finding Her Way as a Young Trans Woman.\u201d\n                      Today\n                      November 13. https:\/\/www.today.com\/tmrw\/always-jane-star-jane-noury-finding-her-way-trans-woman-t238735 (July 20, 2022)."}],"container-title":["The Linacre Quarterly"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00243639231184041","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00243639231184041","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00243639231184041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:20:48Z","timestamp":1777623648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00243639231184041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00243639231184041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00243639231184041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0024-3639","2050-8549"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0024-3639","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-8549","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]}}}