{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:06:54Z","timestamp":1777896414755,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Linacre Q"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Individuals with intersex conditions are biological males and females who have, through various disorders\/differences of sexual development, an (epistemically)\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">unclear<\/jats:italic>\n                    biological sex. Intersex pediatric surgery (IPS) is\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">clarification<\/jats:italic>\n                    surgery which seeks to restoratively, functionally, and aesthetically\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">clarify or disambiguate<\/jats:italic>\n                    the sex of a child with intersex conditions. IPS is performed in healthcare institutions by a urologist, ideally one with technical certification in pediatric urology. The pediatric urologist is (or may be) part of the multidisciplinary healthcare team assigned to the child with intersex conditions and his or her family. Formal philosophical arguments against IPS have been found to be implausible. As such, contemporary clinical recommendations for the care of individuals with intersex conditions head in this direction. Because surgical moratoria over IPS are consequently inappropriate, regulatory ethical principles serve to protect and promote the flourishing of children with intersex conditions. This commentary has two goals: the first is to articulate and philosophically challenge Kevin G. Behrens\u2019 principled ethical approach to IPS, which stands to date as a novel and strong approach to IPS, and the second is to articulate and defend five plausible ethical principles to govern IPS decision-making that partially replace Behrens\u2019.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00243639251389487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T18:21:50Z","timestamp":1763403710000},"page":"148-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Five New Principles to Govern Intersex Pediatric Surgery: A Reply to Kevin G. Behrens"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7587-4170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashad","family":"Rehman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Franciscan University of Steubenville"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-020-00550-x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"A Practical Approach to the Clinical Evaluation and Management of Children with Ambiguous Genitalia","volume":"39","author":"Drop S. L.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Drop S. L., Molenaar J. C., Scholtmeijer R. J., Vuzevski V. D., Rodrigues Pereira R.. 1984. \u201cA Practical Approach to the Clinical Evaluation and Management of Children with Ambiguous Genitalia.\u201d Z Kindechir 39 (3): 171\u2013171.","journal-title":"Z Kindechir"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2979\/7148.0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000316940"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","volume-title":"Life Issues, Medical Choices","author":"Kaczor C.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaczor C., Smith J.. 2016. Life Issues, Medical Choices. Ohio: Servant."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","first-page":"178","article-title":"Ambiguous Genitalia as a Psychosocial Emergency","volume":"39","author":"Ladee-Levy J. V.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ladee-Levy J. V. 1984. \u201cAmbiguous Genitalia as a Psychosocial Emergency.\u201d Z Kinderchir 39 (3): 178\u2013181.","journal-title":"Z Kinderchir"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2004.17.2.133"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2020.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000521958"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehman R. 2023a. \u201c'Intersex' Does Not Violate the Sex Binary.\u201d The Linacre Quarterly 90 (2): 145\u2013154.","DOI":"10.1177\/00243639231155313"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","unstructured":"Rehman R. 2023b. \u201cThe Ethics of Intersex Pediatric Surgery.\u201d PhD dissertation University of Toronto."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","unstructured":"Rehman R. 2025. \u201cThe Case against Surgical Moratoria on Intersex Pediatric Surgery.\u201d (Manuscript in review)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","unstructured":"Rehman R B\u00e4gli Darius. 2023. \u201cWhat is Pathologization? Part II. Disorder and Difference.\u201d Impact Ethics. https:\/\/impactethics.ca\/2023\/09\/18\/what-ispathologization-part-ii-disorder-and-difference\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","unstructured":"Societies for Pediatric Urology. 2017. \u201cRE: HRW and InterACT Report \u201cI Want to Be Like Nature Made Me\u201d.\u201d https:\/\/spuonline.org\/multimedia\/files\/HRW-interACT-physicians-review.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","volume-title":"The Way of Medicine","author":"Tollefsen C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tollefsen C., Curlin F.. 2021. The Way of Medicine. Notre Dame, Indiana: Notre Dame Press. 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