{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:08:51Z","timestamp":1777896531362,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,18]],"date-time":"2014-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Sci Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Air guns (air pistols and rifles) are already recognized as being potentially lethal. The diabolo pellet has a calibre of .177 (4.5\u2009mm), a 1250 fps velocity, is high energetic, and is most commonly used in such weapons. In the presented case, the victim sustained an air rifle injury to the neck. The pellet passed through the thyroid cartilage, subsequently causing the extensive laryngeal swelling with haematoma around the pellet channel which fatally obstructed the airway. It is estimated microscopically that at least a number of hours must have passed from the injury to the time of death. For this case, a shooting distance was estimated by using experimental shooting values compared to physics formulas for accelerated motion. The case under question has confirmed an applicable legal approach that can be utilized by countries to classify air rifles as being as harmful as other firearms, especially those with high muzzle velocities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0025802414526180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,18]],"date-time":"2014-03-18T21:49:01Z","timestamp":1395179341000},"page":"54-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fatal laryngeal oedema in an adult from an air rifle injury, and related ballistics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Nemanja","family":"Radojevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica Montenegro"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dragana","family":"Cukic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica Montenegro"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Curovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica Montenegro"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mileta","family":"Golubovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica Montenegro"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0025802414526180","unstructured":"Saltzman B. The three basic types of airguns, http:\/\/www.airguns.net\/general_airgun_types.php (accessed 10 January 2013)."},{"key":"bibr2-0025802414526180","unstructured":"Gaylord T. Airgun calibers, http:\/\/www.pyramydair.com\/article\/Airgun_Calibers_June_2003\/4 (accessed10 January 2013)."},{"key":"bibr3-0025802414526180","volume-title":"Gunshot wounds","author":"Di Maio VJ","year":"1999","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr4-0025802414526180","unstructured":"Crime and Security Act 2010, http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2010\/17\/section\/46 (accessed 13 January 2013)."},{"key":"bibr5-0025802414526180","unstructured":"International Airguns Laws, http:\/\/ial.thesignalpage.nl\/index.php (accessed 20 January 2013)."},{"key":"bibr6-0025802414526180","unstructured":"Polish Weapons and Ammunition Act, http:\/\/www.militaria.pl\/upload\/wysiwyg\/gfx\/pdf\/ustawa_bron_amunicji_99_ujednolicony.pdf (accessed 15 January 2013) (\n                      In Polish\n                      )."},{"key":"bibr7-0025802414526180","unstructured":"Parliament of Montenegro. Weapon Law.\n                      Slu\u017ebeni list RCG\n                      2004; 49: 440\u2013459. (\n                      In Montenegrin\n                      )."},{"key":"bibr8-0025802414526180","unstructured":"Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Canadian Firearms Program \u2013 Air Guns, http:\/\/www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca\/cfp-pcaf\/fs-fd\/air_gun-arme_air-eng.htm (accessed 15 January 2013)."},{"key":"bibr9-0025802414526180","first-page":"157","volume":"36","author":"Ford EJ","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr10-0025802414526180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(85)80933-1"},{"key":"bibr11-0025802414526180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-002-0328-5"},{"key":"bibr12-0025802414526180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12425J"},{"key":"bibr13-0025802414526180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(89)90009-0"},{"key":"bibr14-0025802414526180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(01)00547-3"},{"key":"bibr15-0025802414526180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197511000-00017"},{"key":"bibr16-0025802414526180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.51.7.525"},{"key":"bibr17-0025802414526180","volume-title":"Forensic medicine and deontology","author":"Zecevic D","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr18-0025802414526180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12207J"}],"container-title":["Medicine, Science and the Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0025802414526180","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0025802414526180","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0025802414526180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:29:38Z","timestamp":1777624178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0025802414526180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,18]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0025802414526180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0025802414526180","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-8024","2042-1818"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-8024","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-1818","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,18]]}}}