{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:09:34Z","timestamp":1777896574986,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,30]],"date-time":"2015-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Sci Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of Flash-Ball\u00ae as a non-lethal weapon by several special units within the police and police forces started in France in 1995. Little literature is available concerning injuries caused by Flash-Ball\u00ae shooting. However, we report the case of a healthy 34-year-old male victim of a Flash-Ball\u00ae shooting during a riot following a sports event. This young man presented serious craniocerebral injuries with a left temporal fracture, moderate cerebral oedema, fronto-temporal haemorrhagic contusion along with an extra-dural hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage requiring neurological and rehabilitation care for two months leaving important sequelae. Although the risk is obviously lower than with firearms, Flash-Ball\u00ae is nonetheless potentially lethal and may cause serious physical injuries, particularly after a shot to the head.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0025802415587320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,30]],"date-time":"2015-06-30T23:05:56Z","timestamp":1435705556000},"page":"237-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Severe craniocerebral trauma with sequelae caused by Flash-Ball\u00ae shot, a less-lethal weapon: Report of one case and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Jean","family":"Hiquet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Ethic and Medical Law, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Gromb-Monnoyeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Ethic and Medical Law, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.05.026"},{"key":"bibr2-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13623690108409583"},{"key":"bibr3-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2005.09.022"},{"key":"bibr4-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2006.039503"},{"key":"bibr5-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-117X(83)90014-8"},{"key":"bibr6-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199904000-00026"},{"key":"bibr7-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800620613"},{"key":"bibr8-0025802415587320","first-page":"849","volume":"68","author":"Cohen MA","year":"1985","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"bibr9-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002580249703700209"},{"key":"bibr10-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08708-1"},{"key":"bibr11-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2012.10.026"},{"key":"bibr12-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199109000-00008"},{"key":"bibr13-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.08.028"},{"key":"bibr14-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-4-26"},{"key":"bibr15-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.05.018"},{"key":"bibr16-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700447"},{"key":"bibr17-0025802415587320","first-page":"76","volume":"213","author":"Faller-Marquardt M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Kriminol"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr18-0025802415587320","first-page":"576","volume":"47","author":"Roux FE","year":"2001","journal-title":"Analysis of 2 pediatric cases. Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"bibr19-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.021"},{"key":"bibr20-0025802415587320","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.flash-ball.com\/."},{"key":"bibr21-0025802415587320","first-page":"87","volume":"200","author":"Scyma C","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arck Kriminol"},{"key":"bibr22-0025802415587320","volume-title":"Impact munitions. Data base of use and effects","author":"The National Institute of Justice","year":"2004"},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr23-0025802415587320.1","unstructured":"R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise. Arr\u00eat\u00e9 du 30 avril 2001 relatif au classement de certaines armes et munitions en application du B de l'article 2 et de l'article 5"},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr23-0025802415587320.2","unstructured":"(a) du d\u00e9cret no 95-589 du 6 mai 1995 modifi\u00e9 relatif a' l'application du d\u00e9cret du 18 avril 1939 fixant le r\u00e9gime des mat\u00e9riels de guerre, armes et munitions (NOR: DEFC0101483A). Journal Officiel de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise. 16 Mai 2001 (113), www.droit.org\/jo\/ 20010516\/DEFC0101483A.html (accessed 15 March 2015)."},{"key":"bibr24-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2001.117272"},{"key":"bibr25-0025802415587320","first-page":"290","volume":"8","author":"Houssaye C","year":"2007","journal-title":"Donn\u00e9es autopsiques et revue de la litterature. La Revue des SAMU \u2013 Medecine d\u2019Urgence"},{"key":"bibr26-0025802415587320","first-page":"382","volume":"82","author":"Kalebi A","year":"2005","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"bibr27-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(03)00179-3"},{"key":"bibr28-0025802415587320","unstructured":"National Commission of Business Ethics and Safety. Notes and recommendations, Saisines n\u00b0 2008-59 et n\u00b0 2008-77, www.cnds.fr\/ avis\/avis_2009_4\/Avis_2008-77.pdf (accessed 15 March 2015)."},{"key":"bibr29-0025802415587320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7100.72"}],"container-title":["Medicine, Science and the Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0025802415587320","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0025802415587320","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0025802415587320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:30:46Z","timestamp":1777624246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0025802415587320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,30]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0025802415587320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0025802415587320","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-8024","2042-1818"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-8024","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-1818","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,30]]}}}