{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:09:47Z","timestamp":1777896587286,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Sci Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The puzzle of a mysterious death in the Middle Ages has been hypothesized in terms of contemporary forensic legal and scientific methods. That al-Hasan ibn-\u2018Ali died in 669 aged just 45 has been forensically analyzed based on written sources that dictate eyewitness accounts of historical events. The report of the contemporaneous poisoning of another individual who resided under the same household as al-Hasan\u2019s and experienced similar, yet non-lethal, symptoms has served as the beginning of the analysis. In light of ancient (medieval) documents and through using mineralogical, medical, and chemical facts, it has been hypothesized that mineral calomel (mercury(I) chloride, Hg\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    Cl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) from a certain region in the Byzantine Empire (present-day western Turkey) was the substance primarily responsible for the murder of al-Hasan.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0025802415601456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,16]],"date-time":"2015-09-16T20:09:09Z","timestamp":1442434149000},"page":"167-171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A forensic hypothesis for the mystery of al-Hasan\u2019s death in the 7th century: Mercury(I) chloride intoxication"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Burke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Engineering Technology Department, Nashua Community College, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Golas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Engineering Technology Department, Nashua Community College, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyrus L.","family":"Raafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Golden Gate University School of Law, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aliyar","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Engineering Technology Department, Nashua Community College, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0025802415601456","volume-title":"History of the Arabs","author":"Hitti PK","year":"1974","edition":"10"},{"key":"bibr2-0025802415601456","volume-title":"The age of the caliphs","author":"Spuler B","year":"1999","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr3-0025802415601456","volume-title":"The succession to Muhammad","author":"Madelung W","year":"1997","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr4-0025802415601456","unstructured":"Al-Majlisi MB.\n                      Bihar al-Anwar\n                      , Volume 44, Chapter 22. 1st ed. Beirut: Al-Wafaa' Foundation [in Arabic], 1983."},{"key":"bibr5-0025802415601456","volume-title":"Peygamber \u00c7i\u00e7ekleri Hz. Hasan ve Hz. H\u00fcseyin","author":"Bursali MN","year":"2000","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr6-0025802415601456","volume-title":"Chemistry of the elements","author":"Greenwood NN","year":"1994","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr7-0025802415601456","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-011-0435-4"},{"key":"bibr8-0025802415601456","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15275920600995646"},{"key":"bibr9-0025802415601456","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McAuliffe CA (ed).\n                      The chemistry of mercury\n                      . 1st ed. London: Macmillan, 1977.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-02489-6"},{"key":"bibr10-0025802415601456","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-007-9087-9"},{"key":"bibr11-0025802415601456","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2009.07.004"},{"key":"bibr12-0025802415601456","volume-title":"Rock and gem","author":"Bonewitz RL","year":"2008","edition":"1"},{"key":"bibr13-0025802415601456","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernhoft RA. Mercury toxicity and treatment: a review of the literature.\n                      J Environ Public Health\n                      2012; 2012: Article ID 460508.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/460508"},{"key":"bibr14-0025802415601456","unstructured":"Material Safety Data Sheet: Mercury(I) Chloride. www.lewisu.edu\/academics\/biology\/pdf\/Mercurous_chloride.pdf (accessed 7 March 2015)."},{"key":"bibr15-0025802415601456","first-page":"42","volume":"22","author":"Ali MAM","year":"1976","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"bibr16-0025802415601456","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.26111"},{"key":"bibr17-0025802415601456","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700003056"},{"key":"bibr18-0025802415601456","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ewjm.173.1.19"},{"key":"bibr19-0025802415601456","unstructured":"Mayo Clinic. Vomiting blood, www.mayoclinic.org\/symptoms\/vomiting-blood\/basics\/definition\/sym-20050732 (accessed 25 March 2015)."},{"key":"bibr20-0025802415601456","unstructured":"Mousavi A. Mercury(I) chloride in vivo oxidation: A thermodynamic study.\n                      Main Group Met Chem\n                      2015; 38(3\u20134): 121\u2013124."}],"container-title":["Medicine, Science and the Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0025802415601456","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0025802415601456","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0025802415601456","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:31:10Z","timestamp":1777624270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0025802415601456"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0025802415601456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0025802415601456","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-8024","2042-1818"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-8024","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-1818","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]]}}}