{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:03:10Z","timestamp":1787018590347,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]],"date-time":"2016-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Sci Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate which DNA extraction method yields the highest quantity of DNA from chewing gum. In this study, several popular extraction methods were tested, including Chelex-100, phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (PCIA), DNA IQ, PrepFiler, and QIAamp Investigator, and the quantity of DNA recovered from chewing gum was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction with Quantifiler. Chewed gum control samples were submitted by anonymous healthy adult donors, and discarded environmental chewing gum samples simulating forensic evidence were collected from outside public areas (e.g., campus bus stops, streets, and sidewalks). As expected, results indicate that all methods tested yielded sufficient amplifiable human DNA from chewing gum using the wet-swab method. The QIAamp performed best when DNA was extracted from whole pieces of control gum (142.7\u2009ng on average), and the DNA IQ method performed best on the environmental whole gum samples (29.0\u2009ng on average). On average, the QIAamp kit also recovered the most DNA from saliva swabs. The PCIA method demonstrated the highest yield with wet swabs of the environmental gum (26.4\u2009ng of DNA on average). However, this method should be avoided with whole gum samples (no DNA yield) due to the action of the organic reagents in dissolving and softening the gum and inhibiting DNA recovery during the extraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0025802416676413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]],"date-time":"2016-10-28T20:53:02Z","timestamp":1477687982000},"page":"7-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessing DNA recovery from chewing gum"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Alison M","family":"Eychner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Towson University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly M","family":"Schott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Metropolitan State College of Denver, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly M","family":"Elkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Towson University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0025802416676413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00085030.2003.10757553"},{"key":"bibr2-0025802416676413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2008.00746.x"},{"key":"bibr3-0025802416676413","unstructured":"Barber A. DNA from \u201cchewing gum survey\u201d tied suspect to 1976 murder. http:\/\/bangordailynews.com\/2012\/10\/17\/news\/augusta\/dna-from-chewing-gum-survey-tied-suspect-to-1976-murder\/ (accessed 17 November 2014)."},{"key":"bibr4-0025802416676413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ics.2005.09.172"},{"key":"bibr5-0025802416676413","first-page":"506","volume":"10","author":"Walsh PS","year":"1991","journal-title":"BioTechniques"},{"key":"bibr6-0025802416676413","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moore D. Purification and concentration of DNA from aqueous solutions. In:\n                      Current protocols in pharmacology.\n                      Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 1998; A.3C.1\u2013A.3C.7.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471141755.pha03cs00"},{"key":"bibr7-0025802416676413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14226J"},{"key":"bibr8-0025802416676413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14668J"},{"key":"bibr9-0025802416676413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2005.11.012"},{"key":"bibr10-0025802416676413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2009.01013.x"},{"key":"bibr11-0025802416676413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigss.2009.08.154"},{"key":"bibr12-0025802416676413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigss.2009.08.086"},{"key":"bibr13-0025802416676413","first-page":"32","volume":"3","author":"Mi Y","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nat Sci Res"},{"key":"bibr14-0025802416676413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2011.04.018"},{"key":"bibr15-0025802416676413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5131(03)01647-9"},{"key":"bibr16-0025802416676413","unstructured":"Gesick KM and Elkins KM. Evaluation of six methods to extract DNA from chewing gum simulated forensic samples. In:\n                      Proceedings Annual American Academy of Forensic Sciences Annual Scientific Meeting\n                      , Chicago, IL, 2011, pp.88\u201389. Colorado Springs, CO: American Academy of Forensic Sciences."},{"key":"bibr17-0025802416676413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12091"}],"container-title":["Medicine, Science and the Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0025802416676413","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0025802416676413","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0025802416676413","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:31:30Z","timestamp":1777624290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0025802416676413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0025802416676413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0025802416676413","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-8024","2042-1818"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-8024","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-1818","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]]}}}