{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:11:01Z","timestamp":1777896661487,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,19]],"date-time":"2019-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Sci Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Analysis of autopsy cases of suicide from Forensic Science South Australia files (2003\u20132017) where helium, nitrogen or nitrous oxide gas had been used revealed that only 2\/58 (3.5%) cases utilised nitrous oxide; the remainder of cases had used helium or nitrogen. The two cases are presented here. In case 1, a 48-year-old man was found completely encased in a plastic bag with a hose connected to an opened cylinder of nitrous oxide. In case 2, a 27-year-old woman was found with a plastic bag over her head, tied around her neck, with a tube connected to a small canister of nitrous oxide. There were approximately 20 empty canisters of nitrous oxide nearby. Death in both cases was due to nitrous oxide augmentation of plastic bag asphyxia, manner suicide. The relative ease with which helium and nitrogen cylinders containing large amounts of gas can be obtained may explain the low numbers of suicides utilising nitrous oxide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0025802419852184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T01:39:10Z","timestamp":1558316350000},"page":"160-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["How common are suicides using nitrous oxide?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0524-5942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger W.","family":"Byard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Science South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0025802419852184","volume-title":"Final exit. The practicalities of self-deliverance and assisted suicide for the dying","author":"Humphry D.","year":"2002","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr2-0025802419852184","unstructured":"The EXIT euthanasia blog. An end to the fear of death, https:\/\/exiteuthanasia.wordpress.com\/2015\/05\/28\/nitrogen-helium-airing-differences\/ (accessed October 4 2018)."},{"key":"bibr3-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-198912000-00010"},{"key":"bibr4-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jcfm.2000.0354"},{"key":"bibr5-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.04.007"},{"key":"bibr6-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2003.10.005"},{"key":"bibr7-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00450618.2010.506197"},{"issue":"32","key":"bibr8-0025802419852184","volume":"7","author":"Johansson L","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Fam Prac"},{"key":"bibr9-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104507080990"},{"key":"bibr10-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2011.01840.x"},{"key":"bibr11-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7478.1298"},{"key":"bibr12-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8103938"},{"key":"bibr13-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2011.01723.x"},{"key":"bibr14-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00450618.2016.1177594"},{"key":"bibr15-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.12.026"},{"key":"bibr16-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000449"},{"key":"bibr17-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2014.888734"},{"key":"bibr18-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.055"},{"key":"bibr19-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/104036"},{"key":"bibr20-0025802419852184","first-page":"37","volume":"65","author":"Sm\u0119dra A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol"},{"key":"bibr21-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.08.006"},{"key":"bibr22-0025802419852184","unstructured":"Australian warning on diluted helium tanks, http:\/\/assisted-dying.org\/blog\/2015\/04\/24\/australian-warning-on-diluted-helium-tanks\/ (accessed October 4 2018)."},{"key":"bibr23-0025802419852184","unstructured":"The Exit Internationalist, https:\/\/exitinternational.net\/?wysija-page=1&controller=email&action=view&email_id=15&wysijap=subscriptions&user_id=22 (accessed October 4 2018)."},{"key":"bibr24-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.08.049"},{"key":"bibr25-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcfm.2005.05.005"},{"key":"bibr26-0025802419852184","first-page":"304","volume":"75","author":"Glijn NHP","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"bibr27-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13286J"},{"key":"bibr28-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(95)01729-3"},{"key":"bibr29-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000153995.07817.9f"},{"key":"bibr30-0025802419852184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-317768"}],"container-title":["Medicine, Science and the Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0025802419852184","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0025802419852184","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0025802419852184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:33:23Z","timestamp":1777624403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0025802419852184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,19]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0025802419852184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0025802419852184","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-8024","2042-1818"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-8024","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-1818","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,19]]}}}