{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:11:52Z","timestamp":1777896712656,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,5]],"date-time":"2020-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Sci Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The age threshold of 14 years has become vital in proving legal violations involving children, particularly in cases of suspected child labour, child pornography and the minimum age of criminal responsibility. In recent years, there has been great interest in the evaluation of age in children and sub-adults using analysis of regressive changes in teeth, with a particular focus on age thresholds that are of medico-legal importance. This research aimed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of stages of root pulp visibility by Olze et\u00a0al. in a sample of South Indian children aged between 12 and 16 years, with an age threshold of 14 years, using receiver operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve (AUC). Among the four stages of root pulp visibility, stage 2 showed the highest AUC in both female and male cohorts. For stage 2, lower sensitivity and higher specificity values were recorded, indicating the possibility of type II errors (i.e. false negatives). In both sexes, stage 2 had a higher AUC (i.e. 0.696 in females and 0.706 in males, respectively). Based on our findings, it can be concluded that this staging method in lower first molars is of limited value in indicating the legal age threshold of 14 years. Future research should validate the proposed approach in a larger sample and consider how to improve predictions in this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0025802420936507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T01:16:32Z","timestamp":1593998192000},"page":"249-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of secondary dentin deposition in lower first molars to indicate a legal age threshold of 14 years using receiver operating characteristic curves"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Vishali","family":"Ravi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amulya Sravan","family":"SP","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Orthodontist, Hyderabad, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0977-3889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudheer B","family":"Balla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Odontology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alekhya","family":"Kanaparthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gayathri","family":"Ch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laxmi Prasanna","family":"N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Drs Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0025802420936507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.02.017"},{"key":"bibr2-0025802420936507","volume-title":"Investigating child exploitation and pornography: the Internet, the law and forensic science","author":"Ferraro MM","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr3-0025802420936507","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-013-0875-y"},{"key":"bibr4-0025802420936507","unstructured":"Child labour in India. 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