{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:12:28Z","timestamp":1777896748419,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Sci Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Casper\u2019s sign refers to the absence of external signs of trauma despite severe and often lethal internal injuries. It occurs because the elasticity and resilience of the skin results in it deforming and moving rather than sustaining injuries from being tethered and relatively immobile. Given the known increase in skin and soft-tissue fragility in the elderly with a greater vulnerability for bruising and skin tears, a study was undertaken to determine whether Casper\u2019s sign may be present or not in older populations. A review of autopsy files at Forensic Science SA over a 20-year period from January 2000 to December 2019 was performed in individuals \u226580 years of age where death involved blunt chest trauma, blunt abdominal trauma or multiple blunt-force injuries. Four cases were identified. All of the decedents were males aged 82\u201389 years ( M\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    =86 years) with deaths associated with a fall ( n=1) and vehicle impacts ( n=3). Despite significant and often lethal internal chest\/abdominal injuries, none of the cases had external injuries to their torsos. Thus, as Casper\u2019s sign may be present at all ages, the absence of external injury in the elderly may be no reflection of the force of the impact or the degree of resultant skeletal and\/or internal organ disruption. This may be pertinent in cases of elder abuse.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00258024211015096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T10:30:56Z","timestamp":1621593056000},"page":"309-312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Casper\u2019s sign in the elderly"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0524-5942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger W","family":"Byard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00258024211015096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2012.02.002"},{"key":"bibr2-00258024211015096","unstructured":"Casper JL.\n                      A\n                      handbook of the practice of forensic medicine based upon personal experience\n                      . Vol. 1. Thanatological Division. London: The New Sydenham Society; 1861, pp.109\u2013117."},{"key":"bibr3-00258024211015096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2020.102001"},{"key":"bibr4-00258024211015096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-020-00277-6"},{"key":"bibr5-00258024211015096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316823040.035"},{"key":"bibr6-00258024211015096","first-page":"123","volume":"13","author":"Baranoski S.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv Skin Wound Care"},{"key":"bibr7-00258024211015096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200910020-00001"},{"key":"bibr8-00258024211015096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.54.5.348"},{"key":"bibr9-00258024211015096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000442"},{"key":"bibr10-00258024211015096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53406.x"},{"key":"bibr11-00258024211015096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-010-0032-y"},{"key":"bibr12-00258024211015096","first-page":"168","volume":"67","author":"Escobar MA","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"bibr13-00258024211015096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-3597(01)90006-7"},{"key":"bibr14-00258024211015096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2014.12.016"},{"key":"bibr15-00258024211015096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13058"}],"container-title":["Medicine, Science and the Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00258024211015096","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00258024211015096","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00258024211015096","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:36:16Z","timestamp":1777624576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00258024211015096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00258024211015096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00258024211015096","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-8024","2042-1818"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-8024","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-1818","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]}}}