{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:12:58Z","timestamp":1777896778796,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005196","name":"Bureau of Justice Assistance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-WY-B-X-K00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-WY-B-X-K00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Sci Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Identifying firearm victims with the greatest risk of repeat-firearm exposure and offering interventions has the potential to disrupt recurrent violence. This study explored risk factors associated with repeat violence among survivors of intentional firearm injury in a unique clinical and criminal justice (CJ) dataset. Methods: This study analyzed a retrospective cohort (n\u2009=\u20094058) of persons injured by nonfatal intentional firearm violence from 2013 to 2016 in one metropolitan area. Data were collected from a single level I trauma center, city police records, and state CJ databases from 1948 to 2019. The primary outcome of interest was another firearm injury or violent-crime arrest (defined as a violent or firearm felony offense). Results: Among 4058 nonfatal intentional firearm victims, 1202 (29.6%) individuals had a repeat-firearm injury or violent-crime arrest. In a bivariate analysis, history of mental, physical, and\/or emotional abuse (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40\u20131.86), mental health diagnosis (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.51\u20132.35), or illegal substance use (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 2.48\u20133.32) was associated with increased risk of repeat-firearm injury or violent-crime arrest. Prior felony arrest (OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 3.19\u20134.24), prior incarceration (OR, 3.72; 95% CI, 3.04\u20134.56), prior firearm charge (OR, 4.06; 95% CI, 3.33\u20134.96), and suspected gang membership (OR, 8.69; 95% CI, 6.14\u201312.32) demonstrated the greatest association with significant repeat violence. Conclusions: Thirty percent of those who experienced an intentional firearm injury were found to have a repeat-firearm injury or violent-crime arrest multi-disciplinary interventions that address the complex needs of a CJ-involved population are needed to mitigate significant repeat violence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00258024221103695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T02:56:48Z","timestamp":1655780208000},"page":"93-104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Utilizing a combined hospital and criminal justice database to identify risk factors for repeat firearm injury or violent-crime arrest among firearm victims"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Alexandra C.W.","family":"Reitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shila Ren\u00e9","family":"Hawk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Research Services, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6055-6401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry D.","family":"Schwimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Highland Hospital\u2013Alameda Health System, Oakland, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane E.S.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta Orthopedic Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.10.025"},{"key":"bibr2-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-017-0120-0"},{"key":"bibr3-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.02.010"},{"key":"bibr4-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.55.4.415"},{"key":"bibr5-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.0625"},{"key":"bibr6-00258024221103695","first-page":"155","author":"Vella MA","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"bibr7-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajcp.12232"},{"key":"bibr8-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318294f518"},{"key":"bibr9-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000236576.81860.8c"},{"key":"bibr10-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31828586c9"},{"key":"bibr11-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.03.086"},{"key":"bibr12-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001261"},{"key":"bibr13-00258024221103695","unstructured":"The Health Alliance for Violence Intervention. What is a hospital-based violence intervention program (HVIP)? https:\/\/www.thehavi.org\/what-is-an-hvip (2022, accessed 4 June 2022)."},{"key":"bibr14-00258024221103695","first-page":"32","volume":"38","author":"Branas CC","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"bibr15-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.135.7.837"},{"key":"bibr16-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.06.005"},{"key":"bibr17-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-012-9703-9"},{"key":"bibr18-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301441"},{"key":"bibr19-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303620"},{"key":"bibr20-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3572"},{"key":"bibr21-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2014.11.003"},{"key":"bibr22-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.8245"},{"key":"bibr23-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2006.05.041"},{"key":"bibr24-00258024221103695","first-page":"4001","author":"McGlincy MH","year":"2004","journal-title":"ASA Proc Jt Stat Meet"},{"key":"bibr25-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1969.10501049"},{"key":"bibr26-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198907000-00001","volume":"29","author":"Weisbeski Sims D","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Trauma \u2013 Inj Infect Crit Care"},{"key":"bibr27-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-018-0259-1"},{"key":"bibr28-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2362"},{"key":"bibr29-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.10.3.163"},{"key":"bibr30-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063214535819"},{"key":"bibr31-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2156869316641730"},{"key":"bibr32-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5195\/jcycw.2015.69"},{"key":"bibr33-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2018.1495737"},{"key":"bibr34-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00017-8"},{"key":"bibr35-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxy004"},{"key":"bibr36-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4257-0"},{"key":"bibr37-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d3313"},{"key":"bibr38-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122509"},{"key":"bibr39-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510383022"},{"key":"bibr40-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.139576"},{"key":"bibr41-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40980-017-0034-z"},{"key":"bibr42-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013124510371040"},{"key":"bibr43-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000395"},{"key":"bibr44-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300927"},{"key":"bibr45-00258024221103695","first-page":"70","volume":"38","author":"Tracy M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"bibr46-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X17734798"},{"key":"bibr47-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2019.02.001"},{"key":"bibr48-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000179"},{"key":"bibr49-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9125.12000"},{"key":"bibr50-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716208330793"},{"key":"bibr51-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.1286"},{"key":"bibr52-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01026-0"},{"key":"bibr53-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.7051"},{"key":"bibr54-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxv012"},{"key":"bibr55-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-019-00063-y"},{"key":"bibr56-00258024221103695","unstructured":"Jones A. Correctional control 2018: Incarceration and SUPERVISION by state. Prison Policy Initiative, https:\/\/www.prisonpolicy.org\/reports\/correctionalcontrol2018.html (December 2018, accessed 4 April 2022)."},{"key":"bibr57-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2016.06.051"},{"key":"bibr58-00258024221103695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2016-000024"}],"container-title":["Medicine, Science and the Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00258024221103695","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00258024221103695","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00258024221103695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:37:22Z","timestamp":1777624642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00258024221103695"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00258024221103695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00258024221103695","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-8024","2042-1818"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-8024","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-1818","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]]}}}