{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:14:04Z","timestamp":1777896844289,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Sci Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the recent past, human genetics and in vitro fertilization (IVF) have undergone various advances to combat with several congenital and developmental disorders. These advances are a boon for the families and patients who were restricted from having a child due to one or the other reasons. One such reason is the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, which are definitely transmitted from the mother to the child due to uniparental\/maternal inheritance of mitochondria. Depending upon the range of the mutation (mutation loads) present, the mtDNA mutation leads to various devitalizing to fatal disorders, all of which are incurable. Scientists and researchers developed a technique known as mitochondrial donation technique or mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) to combat with the mtDNA mutations. The technique relies on the replacement of faulty mitochondria in the mother's egg with the normal wild-type from a donor female resulting in a \u201cthree-parent baby.\u201d On the other side, forensic scientists and anthropologists continuously explore the mtDNA in various medicolegal cases and in uncoupling the mystery of human origin and migration respectively. In this regard, we explored the genetic, forensic and ethical aspects of a \u201cthree-parent baby.\u201d The present communication also attempts to highlight the importance and limitations of the MRT technique\/three-parent baby in a medicolegal context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00258024241266566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T05:14:22Z","timestamp":1721970862000},"page":"71-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The three-parent baby: Medicolegal, forensic and ethical concerns"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Nandini","family":"Chitara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5321-0958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kewal","family":"Krishan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0346-1075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanuj","family":"Kanchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00258024241266566","unstructured":"Douglas H. Etymology of mutation. Online Etymology Dictionary, https:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/word\/mutation (2019, accessed 20 November 2023)."},{"key":"bibr2-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20170053"},{"key":"bibr3-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3275"},{"key":"bibr4-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.126"},{"key":"bibr5-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506197102"},{"key":"bibr6-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2005.032326"},{"key":"bibr7-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.07.1119"},{"key":"bibr8-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1708"},{"key":"bibr9-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms008"},{"key":"bibr10-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3877"},{"key":"bibr11-00258024241266566","volume":"5","author":"Wallace DC","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Bio"},{"key":"bibr12-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21217"},{"key":"bibr13-00258024241266566","unstructured":"First UK baby with DNA from three people born after new IVF procedure.\n                      The Guardian\n                      , https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2023\/may\/09\/first-uk-baby-with-dna-from-three-people-born-after-new-ivf-procedure (2023, accessed 10 October 2023)."},{"key":"bibr14-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-023-01585-x"},{"key":"bibr15-00258024241266566","unstructured":"Human Fertilisation and Embroy Act 2008, https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2008\/22\/2016-10-31 (2022, accessed 10 October 2023)."},{"key":"bibr16-00258024241266566","first-page":"307160","author":"Busard\u00f2 FP","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"bibr17-00258024241266566","unstructured":"UK doctors select first women to have \u2018three-person babies\u2019. The Guardian, https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2018\/feb\/01\/permission-given-to-create-britains-first-three-person-babies (2018, accessed 12 December 2023)."},{"key":"bibr18-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature.2017.21761"},{"key":"bibr19-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.02.008"},{"key":"bibr20-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00458.x"},{"key":"bibr21-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17405620802642306"},{"key":"bibr22-00258024241266566","volume-title":"Mitochondrial replacement techniques: ethical, social, and policy considerations","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr23-00258024241266566","unstructured":"\u2018Three-parent\u2019 babies explained: what are the concerns and are they justified? The Guardian, https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2015\/feb\/02\/three-parent-babies-explained (2015, accessed 20 December 2023)."},{"key":"bibr24-00258024241266566","unstructured":"Jones KJ. UK birth of \u2018three-parent baby\u2019 came at high moral cost, Catholic bioethicists warn. Catholic News Agency, https:\/\/www.catholicculture.org\/news\/headlines\/index.cfm?storyid=58652 (2023, accessed 12 December 2023)."},{"key":"bibr25-00258024241266566","unstructured":"Embryos with three parents? The risks are yet to come, critics warn. Catholic News Agency, https:\/\/www.catholicnewsagency.com\/news\/31441\/embryos-with-three-parents-the-risks-are-yet-to-come-critics-warn (2015, accessed 12 December 2023)."},{"key":"bibr26-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/ETLS20210204"},{"key":"bibr27-00258024241266566","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jlb\/lsw051"},{"key":"bibr28-00258024241266566","unstructured":"Legalisation of Mitochondrial Donation in Australia. Australian Government. 2021. https:\/\/obpr.pmc.gov.au\/published-impact-analyses-and-reports\/legalisation-mitochondrial-donation-australia (Accessed 24 May 2024)."}],"container-title":["Medicine, Science and the Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00258024241266566","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00258024241266566","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00258024241266566","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:39:11Z","timestamp":1777624751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00258024241266566"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00258024241266566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00258024241266566","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-8024","2042-1818"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-8024","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-1818","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]}}}