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A case is reported of lethal embolism of fragments of a renal calculus: A 64-year-old woman collapsed and died following laser lithotripsy. At autopsy calculous debris was found in the calyces of the right kidney with widespread microscopic fragments of birefringent foreign material in keeping with renal calculus within the pulmonary arterioles. Death was due to pulmonary calculus embolism complicating lithotripsy of a right renal calculus. Review of other causes of nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism revealed fat, bone marrow, amniotic fluid, trophoblast, tumours, septic material, hydatid cysts, bone, soft tissue\/organ parenchyma, gastrointestinal tract contents\/bile, gas, and foreign material that was introduced iatrogenically and non-iatrogenically. All of these possibilities should be considered at autopsy in the appropriate setting, with pulmonary microscopy often being essential to establishing the diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00258024251316244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T02:11:01Z","timestamp":1738721461000},"page":"257-261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Forensic considerations in nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism: A case report and review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6875-6158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tasmyn H","family":"Lynch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Science SA (FSSA), Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0524-5942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger W","family":"Byard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"},{"name":"Forensic Science SA (FSSA), Adelaide, SA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000068427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2011.02047.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2012.02140.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30514-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.304488"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000746"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2018.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2012.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.8-4-388"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.14.1711"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.66.1144"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00141708"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Massive pulmonary calculi embolism: A novel complication of pneumatic lithotripsy. 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