{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:14:35Z","timestamp":1777896875037,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Sci Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fingerprints are widely used as biometric parameters for identification purposes because of their uniqueness. Moreover, many digital devices have employed fingerprints for security purposes throughout the world. An automatic artificial intelligence-based classification system can reduce the time spent running through the database for fingerprint matching by arranging fingerprints into disjoint classes. It can also help classify fingerprints at the crime scene easily and quickly. The present study proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for the multiclass classification of fingerprint patterns (Arches, Loops, Whorls, and Composites) according to Henry's classification. The model was trained on 2000 fingerprint patterns collected from the fingers of 200 participants. The dataset was split into train, test, and validation part with the ratio of 8:1:1, respectively. The presented CNN model was evaluated by using a confusion matrix for the testing process. Training, validating, and testing the accuracy of the CNN model for classifying fingerprint datasets into four main classes were 89%, 84%, and 85.5%, respectively. This model shows its application as an aiding tool for fingerprint analysis in crime scene investigation, forensic examinations, and fingerprint research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00258024251355042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T03:16:57Z","timestamp":1751599017000},"page":"114-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Deep learning-based CNN model for multiclass classification of fingerprint patterns"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3706-9019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apurav","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Panjab University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9643-7010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damini","family":"Siwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Panjab University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0322-1364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peehul","family":"Krishan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mandi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1847-7511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akansha","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Panjab University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ritika","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Panjab University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0809-5844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankita","family":"Guleria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Panjab University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4302-4005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakesh","family":"Meena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Panjab University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1903-9592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nandini","family":"Chitara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Panjab University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3057-4844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayushi","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Panjab University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5321-0958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kewal","family":"Krishan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Panjab University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"Forensic science from the crime scene to the crime lab","author":"Saferstein R","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saferstein R. 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