{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T02:43:49Z","timestamp":1782787429122,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Sci Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    People living in prisons have higher mortality rates compared to the general population. We undertook a retrospective analysis of deaths recorded between 2010 and 2018 at the sole prison hospital in Greece (Korydallos Prison Special Health Centre for men) to assess the causes of death overall and by type of offence (drug-related or other), sociodemographic characteristics by cause of death, and mortality trends over time. Permission to access forensic reports and criminal files was obtained from the relevant authorities. Deaths were categorized as either non-natural (drug overdose, suicide, and homicide) or natural (cardiovascular disease, cancer, and others). Between 2010 and 2018, 236 deaths were reported; 80.9% were natural deaths, and 19.1% were non-natural deaths. The primary causes of death were circulatory disease (34.7%), cancer (17.8%), suicide (10.2%), respiratory disease (8.9%), and overdose (6.4%). Suicide and overdose accounted for 53.3% and 33.3% of non-natural deaths, respectively. The mean (SD) age at death was 52.4 (16.2) years, with individuals experiencing non-natural deaths being significantly younger than those experiencing natural deaths [39.1 (10.5) vs. 55.5 (15.7),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001]. Among individuals incarcerated for drug-related offences, 23.8% died from non-natural causes, with drug overdose accounting for 60% of non-natural deaths. A significant peak in mortality was observed in 2013. This study emphasizes the need to closely monitor mortality rates, including drug-related fatalities, to implement suicide prevention training as well as measures to prevent deaths by overdose, including comprehensive harm reduction strategies, overdose education, and naloxone training.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00258024251363671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T06:25:34Z","timestamp":1754375134000},"page":"208-215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Causes of death among people living in prison in Greece: A 9-year retrospective study (2010\u20132018) at the national prison hospital"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8321-2801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Boundi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2347-0817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sotirios","family":"Roussos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9430-7614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vana","family":"Sypsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Penal Reform International and Thailand Institute of Justice. Global prison trends 2023. https:\/\/cdn.penalreform.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/GPT-2023.pdf (2023 accessed 26 April 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30466-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30142-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13877"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"UN Human Rights Council. Human rights in the administration of justice: Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. A\/HRC\/42\/20. 21 August 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61053-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","volume-title":"Status report on prison health in the WHO European Region 2022","year":"2023","unstructured":"Status report on prison health in the WHO European Region 2022. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2023. 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Prisons-Mortality in prison https:\/\/dataunodc.un.org\/prisons-mortality (accessed 1 May 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","unstructured":"Penal Reform International University of Nottingham. Deaths in prison: Examining causes responses and prevention of deaths in prison worldwide. 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). Mortality in prison. https:\/\/dataunodc.un.org\/data\/Prison\/Mortality%20in%20prison. 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