{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:54:51Z","timestamp":1793332491404,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,1]],"date-time":"1993-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":741484800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Sci Law"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This report concerns a head-on collision accident of a motorcycle at a very high speed (c. 80\u2013100 Km\/h) against a bonnet-type automobile, in which both the motorcyclist and pillion rider were injured at the base of the skull by violent anteroflexion of the head due to the force of inertia. A difference in their injuries was: the motorcyclist sustained a \u2018ring\u2019 fracture and the pillion rider an atlanto-occipital avulsion; dural tear. Anteroflexion without impact on the occiput such as described above seems to be a rare causal mechanism of the \u2018ring\u2019 fracture. In addition, the mode of action of the accelerating forces to the heads of the victims along with their physiques may explain the mechanism which caused the different injuries in this accident.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/002580249303300315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,21]],"date-time":"2017-01-21T05:28:58Z","timestamp":1484976538000},"page":"266-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["3. Ring Fracture of the Base of the Skull and Atlanto-Occipital Avulsion Due to Anteroflexion on Motorcycle Riders in a Head-On Collision Accident"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"H","family":"Maeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-54, Abeno, Osaka 545, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-54, Abeno, Osaka 545, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Imura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-54, Abeno, Osaka 545, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-54, Abeno, Osaka 545, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Yokota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Asahi-machi 1-4-54, Abeno, Osaka 545, Japan and Forensic Science Laboratory, Osaka Prefectural Police Headquarters, Otemae 3-1-16, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-002580249303300315","first-page":"261","volume-title":"Legal Medicine, Pathology and Toxicology","author":"Gonzales T. A.","year":"1954","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr2-002580249303300315","first-page":"261","volume-title":"Forensic Pathology","author":"Knight B.","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr3-002580249303300315","first-page":"184","volume-title":"Forensic Neuropathology","author":"Leestma J. E.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr4-002580249303300315","first-page":"562","volume":"36","author":"Mizoi Y.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Jpn J Legal Med."},{"key":"bibr5-002580249303300315","unstructured":"Moritz A. R. (1954) In: The Pathology of Trauma, 2nd ed. Henry Kimpton, London, pp 346\u20137."},{"key":"bibr6-002580249303300315","first-page":"13","volume":"52","author":"Patscheider H.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Dtsch Z gerichtl. Med."},{"key":"bibr7-002580249303300315","first-page":"601","volume":"51","author":"Reimann W.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Dtsch Z gerichtl. Med."},{"key":"bibr8-002580249303300315","unstructured":"Schulz E. (1986) Stumpfe und schafe Gewalt. In: Forster B. (hrsg) Praxis der Rechtsmedizin f\u00fcr Mediziner und Juristen. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart New York, pp 78\u2013117."},{"key":"bibr9-002580249303300315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02092298"},{"key":"bibr10-002580249303300315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02054019"},{"key":"bibr11-002580249303300315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197406000-00006"},{"key":"bibr12-002580249303300315","first-page":"297","volume":"23","author":"Wuermeling H. B.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Beitr. gerichtl. Med."}],"container-title":["Medicine, Science and the Law"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002580249303300315","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/002580249303300315","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:17:52Z","timestamp":1777623472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/002580249303300315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/002580249303300315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002580249303300315","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-8024","2042-1818"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-8024","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-1818","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,7]]}}}