{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:08:25Z","timestamp":1777896505453,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686614400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Carter Brown Associates","award":["No number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No number"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Leg J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    People failing to give a specimen of breath at a police station are assumed to be deliberately obstructive and are charged with Failure to Provide under the Road Traffic Act 1988. However, spirometry records of 281,210 healthy individuals from UK BioBank showed that a significant minority cannot use existing evidential breath analysis machines. Women were three times more likely to be unable to use them than men (1.64% vs 0.54%) with the risk rising with age six-fold from those in their 40s (0.43%) to 2.7% in their 70s, with women more affected (0.65% to 3.8%). Short stature was a further risk factor: 2.6% of men and 3.8% of women below the 2\n                    <jats:sup>nd<\/jats:sup>\n                    percentile of height could not use the current machines, with almost one in ten elderly, short women unable to do so, while smokers aged 50+ were twice as likely as non-smokers of the same age to be unable to provide breath specimens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00258172231178419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T06:09:41Z","timestamp":1686636581000},"page":"180-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Can all healthy adults use the current evidential breath alcohol analysers? An investigation using a large spirometry database"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Galen","family":"Ives","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information School, University of Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Sbaffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information School, University of Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A","family":"Bath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information School, University of Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00258172231178419","unstructured":"Home Office. https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/116987\/breath-test-device-2005.pdf (2005, accessed 18 October 2021)."},{"key":"bibr2-00258172231178419","unstructured":"Home Office. Form MG DD\/A, https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/666034\/MGDD_A_Ver_8.5_Nov_2017.pdf4 (2017, accessed 18 October 2021)."},{"key":"bibr3-00258172231178419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002580249103100305"},{"key":"bibr4-00258172231178419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002580249303300408"},{"key":"bibr5-00258172231178419","unstructured":"Williams PM, Honeybourne D, Josty DS, et\u00a0al. Breath alcohol analysis and the Lion Intoxilyzer 6000: alcohol plateau monitoring in normal subjects, people of large and small stature, and patients with pulmonary disease. In:\n                      Proceedings of the 14th international conference on alcohol, drugs and traffic safety\n                      , Annecy, France, 21\u201326 September 1997, Vol. 1, pp. 311\u2013316."},{"key":"bibr6-00258172231178419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2000.0797"},{"key":"bibr7-00258172231178419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2016.04.004"},{"key":"bibr8-00258172231178419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1355-0306(01)71848-5"},{"key":"bibr9-00258172231178419","unstructured":"Ministry of Justice. https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjXmIST9vbzAhWMecAKHfxnDtcQFnoECAoQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F987731%2FHO-code-tool-principal-offence-2020.xlsx&usg=AOvVaw21dqJ21IH7EfpSrxKYw2Dg (2021, accessed 1 November 2021)"}],"container-title":["Medico-Legal Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00258172231178419","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00258172231178419","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00258172231178419","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:28:48Z","timestamp":1777624128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00258172231178419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00258172231178419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00258172231178419","relation":{},"ISSN":["0025-8172","2042-1834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0025-8172","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-1834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]}}}